Abstract
The discovery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and their potential to knock down virtually any gene of interest has ushered in a new era of RNA interference (RNAi). Clinical use of RNAi faces severe limitations due to inefficiency delivery of siRNA or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Many molecular imaging techniques have been adopted in RNAi-related research for evaluation of siRNA/shRNA delivery, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and the therapeutic effect. In this review article, we summarize the current status of in vivo imaging of RNAi. The molecular imaging techniques that have been employed include bioluminescence/fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging/ spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and various combinations of these techniques. Further development of non-invasive imaging strategies for RNAi, not only focusing on the delivery of siRNA/shRNA but also the therapeutic efficacy, is critical for future clinical translation. Rigorous validation will be needed to confirm that biodistribution of the carrier is correlated with that of siRNA/shRNA, since imaging only detects the label (e.g. radioisotopes) but not the gene or carrier themselves. It is also essential to develop multimodality imaging approaches for realizing the full potential of therapeutic RNAi, as no single imaging modality may be sufficient to simultaneously monitor both the gene delivery and silencing effect of RNAi.
Keywords: RNA interference (RNAi), small interfering RNA (siRNA), gene therapy, molecular imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence imaging (BLI).
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Multimodality Imaging of RNA Interference
Volume: 20 Issue: 29
Author(s): T. R. Nayak, L. K. Krasteva and W. Cai
Affiliation:
Keywords: RNA interference (RNAi), small interfering RNA (siRNA), gene therapy, molecular imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence imaging (BLI).
Abstract: The discovery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and their potential to knock down virtually any gene of interest has ushered in a new era of RNA interference (RNAi). Clinical use of RNAi faces severe limitations due to inefficiency delivery of siRNA or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Many molecular imaging techniques have been adopted in RNAi-related research for evaluation of siRNA/shRNA delivery, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and the therapeutic effect. In this review article, we summarize the current status of in vivo imaging of RNAi. The molecular imaging techniques that have been employed include bioluminescence/fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging/ spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and various combinations of these techniques. Further development of non-invasive imaging strategies for RNAi, not only focusing on the delivery of siRNA/shRNA but also the therapeutic efficacy, is critical for future clinical translation. Rigorous validation will be needed to confirm that biodistribution of the carrier is correlated with that of siRNA/shRNA, since imaging only detects the label (e.g. radioisotopes) but not the gene or carrier themselves. It is also essential to develop multimodality imaging approaches for realizing the full potential of therapeutic RNAi, as no single imaging modality may be sufficient to simultaneously monitor both the gene delivery and silencing effect of RNAi.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nayak R. T., Krasteva K. L. and Cai W., Multimodality Imaging of RNA Interference, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 20 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320290012
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320290012 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Current Diabetes Reviews Inflammation as the Common Biological Link Between Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases: Can Carnosine Exert a Protective Role?
Current Medicinal Chemistry ABC Transporters and Sterol Absorption
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Natural Products as Potential Agents against SARS-CoV and SARSCoV- 2
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms for Progenitor Cell-Mediated Repair for Ischemic Heart Injury
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy New Therapies to Modulate Post-Infarction Inflammatory Alterations in the Myocardium: State of the Art and Forthcoming Applications
Current Radiopharmaceuticals L-Dopa Related Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Possible Mediator of Toxicity?
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Assessing Myocardial Metabolism with Hybrid PET Imaging: Instrumentation, Concepts, and Workflows
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Understanding the Concept of Chronotherapeutics in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Antiplatelet and Antileukocyte Effects of Cardiovascular,Immunomodulatory and Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry MDMA Toxicity and Pathological Consequences: A Review About Experimental Data and Autopsy Findings
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Infective Endocarditis: Current Data and Implications on Prophylaxis and Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT) and Tissue Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Simultaneous And Extended Delivery Of Stavudine, Lamivudine And Nevirapine In Fixed Dose Combination Using Sandwiched Osmotic Tablets For Hiv Therapy
Current Drug Delivery Editorial [Hot Topic: Anti-Platelet Therapy (Guest Editor: Susan S. Smyth)]
Current Drug Targets Adverse Effects of Statins - Myths and Reality
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evolving Strategies in Manipulating VEGF/VEGFR Signaling for the Promotion of Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle
Current Pharmaceutical Design Influence of Physical Immobilization of dsDNA on Carbon Based Matrices of Electrochemical Sensors
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Lipoproteins, Stroke and Statins
Current Vascular Pharmacology