Abstract
Biological monitoring usually relies on the collection of blood and urine samples. Although being non-invasive and providing an inextinguishable sampling pool, the analysis of exhaled breath is not well established. A gas phase measurement is, however, inherently simpler than the analysis of complex biological fluids, and modern methods have identified hundreds of volatile compounds in the breath of persons exposed to normal environmental concentrations. The most commonly deployed analytical techniques in breath analysis are gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and other MS-based methods. Lately, also laser-based optical methods, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), have emerged in the field. With such instruments, it is possible to accurately quantify the concentrations of volatiles in exhaled breath down to below part-per-billion (ppb) levels with sub-second time resolution. Laser spectroscopy thereby enables real-time investigations during and after exposure to exogenous chemicals. In general, depending on the sampling approach used, the measured levels of the breath compounds may vary significantly. It is therefore of importance to systematically study and account for the phenomena affecting the recorded concentrations, and subsequently select an appropriate sampling and measurement strategy. In Helsinki, we have used CRDS to study the background levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3) and acetylene (C2H2) in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers. Different sampling techniques have been employed in an effort to standardize the breath sampling event. The realtime elimination kinetics of breath C2H2 after smoking has also been studied.
Keywords: Acetylene, ammonia, biomonitoring, breath analysis, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, hydrogen cyanide, laser spectroscopy, toxicokinetics
Current Analytical Chemistry
Title:Exhaled Breath Biomonitoring Using Laser Spectroscopy
Volume: 9 Issue: 3
Author(s): Olavi Vaittinen, Florian Manfred Schmidt, Markus Metsala and Lauri Halonen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acetylene, ammonia, biomonitoring, breath analysis, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, hydrogen cyanide, laser spectroscopy, toxicokinetics
Abstract: Biological monitoring usually relies on the collection of blood and urine samples. Although being non-invasive and providing an inextinguishable sampling pool, the analysis of exhaled breath is not well established. A gas phase measurement is, however, inherently simpler than the analysis of complex biological fluids, and modern methods have identified hundreds of volatile compounds in the breath of persons exposed to normal environmental concentrations. The most commonly deployed analytical techniques in breath analysis are gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and other MS-based methods. Lately, also laser-based optical methods, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), have emerged in the field. With such instruments, it is possible to accurately quantify the concentrations of volatiles in exhaled breath down to below part-per-billion (ppb) levels with sub-second time resolution. Laser spectroscopy thereby enables real-time investigations during and after exposure to exogenous chemicals. In general, depending on the sampling approach used, the measured levels of the breath compounds may vary significantly. It is therefore of importance to systematically study and account for the phenomena affecting the recorded concentrations, and subsequently select an appropriate sampling and measurement strategy. In Helsinki, we have used CRDS to study the background levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3) and acetylene (C2H2) in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers. Different sampling techniques have been employed in an effort to standardize the breath sampling event. The realtime elimination kinetics of breath C2H2 after smoking has also been studied.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Vaittinen Olavi, Manfred Schmidt Florian, Metsala Markus and Halonen Lauri, Exhaled Breath Biomonitoring Using Laser Spectroscopy, Current Analytical Chemistry 2013; 9 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411011309030016
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411011309030016 |
Print ISSN 1573-4110 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6727 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in biomedicine, corrosion inhibition/monitoring, and lubrication of carbon dots
Carbon dots, a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have garnered substantial interest in various scientific and engineering fields due to their unique properties, including excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, good dispersity, ultrasmall size, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. This special issue of Current Analytical Chemistry aims to showcase cutting-edge ...read more
Applications of artificial intelligence in chemical analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its versatility in almost all scientific fields, especially analytical chemistry, which is leading the way in the integration of AI. According to Chemical Abstract Services, one of the major disciplines contributing to AI-related publications and patents is analytical chemistry. That?s because techniques such as deep ...read more
Bioanalytical and Biosensor Technologies for Target Molecules
Bioanalytical and biosensor technologies constitute the core of detecting and sensing diverse molecules within living organisms, encompassing proteins, DNA, small molecular metabolites, and beyond. These molecules assume pivotal roles in biological processes, rendering their analysis and sensing indispensable for comprehending biological phenomena and unraveling disease mechanisms. In the current landscape ...read more
Biogeochemistry: global environmental research and management
his issue focuses on the bio-pathways of trace elements (Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn and REE) in soil, plant and atmospheric systems. Specific interest in the application of phytotechnologies that utilise hyperaccumulator plants (agro/phytomining). On the basis of understanding the migration and transformation of trace elements in ecosystem, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Overall and Multiphasic Findings of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Randomized Cancer Screening Trial
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Targeting the EGFR Pathway for Cancer Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cancer-associated Autoantibodies as Biomarkers for Early Detection and Prognosis is Cancer: An Update
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Molecular Targets for Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Modifications in the upper or Velbenamine Part of the Vinca Alkaloids have Major Implications for Tubulin Interacting Activities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Epi-Drugs and Epi-miRs: Moving Beyond Current Cancer Therapies
Current Cancer Drug Targets Copper Complexes of Bioactive Ligands with Superoxide Dismutase Activity
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Genetic Mechanisms and Aberrant Gene Expression during the Development of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Adenocarcinoma
Current Genomics Approaches to Improve Efficiency of Dendritic Cell-based Therapy of High Grade Gliomas
Current Pharmaceutical Design Tomographic Imaging Methods and Gated Technique in Nuclear Cardiology: A Review on Current Status and Future Developments
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Aptamers: Molecular Tools for Medical Diagnosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry From Biology to Therapy: Improvements of Therapeutic Options in Lung Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Microemulsions for Colorectal Cancer Treatments. General Considerations and Formulation of Methotrexate
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry EGFR(S) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Gastro-Intestinal Cancers: Whats New?
Current Drug Targets Novel Molecular-Targeted Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Biomarkers to Assess the Targeting of DNA Repair Pathways to Augment Tumor Response to Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine 1'-methylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine] Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Anti-tumor Activity Studies
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery MicroRNA in Multiple Myeloma - A Role in Pathogenesis and Prognostic Significance
Current Medicinal Chemistry Temozolomide: An Update on Pharmacological Strategies to Increase its Antitumour Activity
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Editorial [ Obesity and the Lung Guest Editors: Neil S. Cherniack and E. Paul Cherniack ]
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews