Abstract
The prominence of the human mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is clearly reflected by the causal link between MMR gene mutations and the occurrence of Lynch syndrome (or HNPCC). The MMR family of proteins also carries out a plethora of diverse cellular functions beyond its primary role in MMR and homologous recombination. In fact, members of the MMR family of proteins are being increasingly recognized as critical mediators between DNA damage repair and cell survival. Thus, a better functional understanding of MMR proteins will undoubtedly aid the development of strategies to effectively enhance apoptotic signaling in response to DNA damage induced by anti-cancer therapeutics. Among the five known human MutS homologs, hMSH4 and hMSH5 form a unique heterocomplex. However, the expression profiles of the two genes are not correlated in a number of cell types, suggesting that they may function independently as well. Consistent with this, these two proteins are promiscuous and thought to play distinct roles through interacting with different binding partners. Here, we describe the gene and protein structures of eukaryotic MSH4 and MSH5 with a particular emphasis on their human homologues, and we discuss recent findings of the roles of these two genes in DNA damage response and repair. Finally, we delineate the potential links of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of these two genes with several human diseases.
Keywords: DNA damage response, Double-strand break (DSB), DNA mismatch repair (MMR), Homologous recombination (HR), MSH4, MSH5, MutS homologues, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Current Genomics
Title:MutS Homologues hMSH4 and hMSH5: Genetic Variations, Functions, and Implications in Human Diseases
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Nicole Clark, Xiling Wu and Chengtao Her
Affiliation:
Keywords: DNA damage response, Double-strand break (DSB), DNA mismatch repair (MMR), Homologous recombination (HR), MSH4, MSH5, MutS homologues, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Abstract: The prominence of the human mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is clearly reflected by the causal link between MMR gene mutations and the occurrence of Lynch syndrome (or HNPCC). The MMR family of proteins also carries out a plethora of diverse cellular functions beyond its primary role in MMR and homologous recombination. In fact, members of the MMR family of proteins are being increasingly recognized as critical mediators between DNA damage repair and cell survival. Thus, a better functional understanding of MMR proteins will undoubtedly aid the development of strategies to effectively enhance apoptotic signaling in response to DNA damage induced by anti-cancer therapeutics. Among the five known human MutS homologs, hMSH4 and hMSH5 form a unique heterocomplex. However, the expression profiles of the two genes are not correlated in a number of cell types, suggesting that they may function independently as well. Consistent with this, these two proteins are promiscuous and thought to play distinct roles through interacting with different binding partners. Here, we describe the gene and protein structures of eukaryotic MSH4 and MSH5 with a particular emphasis on their human homologues, and we discuss recent findings of the roles of these two genes in DNA damage response and repair. Finally, we delineate the potential links of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of these two genes with several human diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Clark Nicole, Wu Xiling and Her Chengtao, MutS Homologues hMSH4 and hMSH5: Genetic Variations, Functions, and Implications in Human Diseases, Current Genomics 2013; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020002 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
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