Abstract
At the most basic level, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS) is a neuro-scientific tool that exerts its action by influencing the neo-cortical functions. However, in-spite of so many well-evidenced roles of TMS in neuropsychiatric conditions, its exact mechanism of action remains to be known. More intriguing are its therapeutic effects in Schizophrenia at the Cerebral-level. In this review, we adopt a neuro-imaging approach for this exploration. We review the present literature for the studies in Schizophrenia which have used a combination of rTMS with 1) Electroenchephalogram (EEG) 2)The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and the 3) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/ Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. The TMS-EEG combination provides direct effects of TMS on the electro- magnetic field (EMF) of brain. The TMS-fMRI/PET/SPECT combinations are very effective in exploring the functional connectivity in brains of Schizophrenia patients as well as in performing rTMS guided neuro-navigation. Our review suggests that TMS combined with other neuroimaging modalities are needed for a better clarification of its neural actions.
Keywords: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Schizophrenia, mechanism of action, Electroenchephalogram (EEG), Functional neuro-imaging.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Schizophrenia: The Contribution of Neuroimaging
Volume: 12 Issue: 21
Author(s): Zhong-de Du, R. Wang, Ravi Prakash, S. Chaudhury and G. Dayananda
Affiliation:
Keywords: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Schizophrenia, mechanism of action, Electroenchephalogram (EEG), Functional neuro-imaging.
Abstract: At the most basic level, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS) is a neuro-scientific tool that exerts its action by influencing the neo-cortical functions. However, in-spite of so many well-evidenced roles of TMS in neuropsychiatric conditions, its exact mechanism of action remains to be known. More intriguing are its therapeutic effects in Schizophrenia at the Cerebral-level. In this review, we adopt a neuro-imaging approach for this exploration. We review the present literature for the studies in Schizophrenia which have used a combination of rTMS with 1) Electroenchephalogram (EEG) 2)The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and the 3) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/ Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. The TMS-EEG combination provides direct effects of TMS on the electro- magnetic field (EMF) of brain. The TMS-fMRI/PET/SPECT combinations are very effective in exploring the functional connectivity in brains of Schizophrenia patients as well as in performing rTMS guided neuro-navigation. Our review suggests that TMS combined with other neuroimaging modalities are needed for a better clarification of its neural actions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Du Zhong-de, Wang R., Prakash Ravi, Chaudhury S. and Dayananda G., Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Schizophrenia: The Contribution of Neuroimaging, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 12 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026611212210015
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026611212210015 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Carbonic Anhydrase Activation and the Drug Design
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Many Faces of Amyloid β in Alzheimers Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Cytokines in the Central Nervous System: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Protein Aggregation in Alzheimers Disease and Other Neoropathological Disorders
Current Alzheimer Research The FKBP51-Glucocorticoid Receptor Balance in Stress-Related Mental Disorders
Current Molecular Pharmacology Commentary
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Health Status in COPD
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Patents in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neurocardiogenic Syncope
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery The High pH and pH-Shift Refolding Technology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Expression of Cell Cycle Proteins in Neurons and its Relevance for Alzheimers Disease
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Synergistic Activity of the c-Met and Tubulin Inhibitor Tivantinib (ARQ197) with Pemetrexed in Mesothelioma Cells
Current Drug Targets Prodromal Metabolic Phenotype in MCI Cybrids: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Histamine as an Anticonvulsant Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Current Neuropharmacology Dopamine D1 Receptors, Regulation of Gene Expression in the Brain, and Neurodegeneration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Presenilin and γ -Secretase Activity: A Viable Therapeutic Target for Alzheimers Disease?
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Editorial
Adolescent Psychiatry “SLY AS A FOXO”: New Paths with Forkhead Signaling in the Brain
Current Neurovascular Research Angina in Women without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Meet Our Editor-in-Chief
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Microbial Antigenic Pressure and Evolution of the Immune Response: Toward a Better Understanding of the Human Immune System in Health and Disease and Therapeutic Interventions
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets