Abstract
The identification of HPV as the cause of cervical cancer has changed the information required for surveillance. HPV prevalence and screening uptake worldwide are now necessary to describe the epidemiology of this cancer.
In low-income countries cervical cancer incidence varies from low to very high levels and is strongly influenced by virus prevalence. In high-income countries, instead, incidence is low and little influenced by the virus prevalence, thanks to screening.
The European Guidelines currently recommend Pap test every 3-5 years starting at age 22-30 and stopping at age 60-65. HPV testing is now limited to triage of borderline lesions? and to post-CIN follow up. Pilot studies evaluating HPV testing as primary test are recommended.
Future governmental agency Guidelines in Europe will probably include HPV testing as viable for primary screening, with cytology triage for HPV-positive women (those positive to cytology will be directly referred to colposcopy, those negative will repeat HPV at one year. Persistence of HPV positivity will refer to colposcopy directly, clearance to regular screening). The interval after an HPV-negative test should be at least 5 years and starting age should be age 30/35. Pap test is still recommended for women under 30.
Keywords: HPV, cervical cancer, screening, vaccination, HPV testing, Pap Test, cytology, colposcopy, surveillance, lesions
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The Present and Future of Cervical Cancer Screening Programmes in Europe
Volume: 19 Issue: 8
Author(s): Paolo Giorgi Rossi and Guglielmo Ronco
Affiliation:
Keywords: HPV, cervical cancer, screening, vaccination, HPV testing, Pap Test, cytology, colposcopy, surveillance, lesions
Abstract: The identification of HPV as the cause of cervical cancer has changed the information required for surveillance. HPV prevalence and screening uptake worldwide are now necessary to describe the epidemiology of this cancer.
In low-income countries cervical cancer incidence varies from low to very high levels and is strongly influenced by virus prevalence. In high-income countries, instead, incidence is low and little influenced by the virus prevalence, thanks to screening.
The European Guidelines currently recommend Pap test every 3-5 years starting at age 22-30 and stopping at age 60-65. HPV testing is now limited to triage of borderline lesions? and to post-CIN follow up. Pilot studies evaluating HPV testing as primary test are recommended.
Future governmental agency Guidelines in Europe will probably include HPV testing as viable for primary screening, with cytology triage for HPV-positive women (those positive to cytology will be directly referred to colposcopy, those negative will repeat HPV at one year. Persistence of HPV positivity will refer to colposcopy directly, clearance to regular screening). The interval after an HPV-negative test should be at least 5 years and starting age should be age 30/35. Pap test is still recommended for women under 30.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Giorgi Rossi Paolo and Ronco Guglielmo, The Present and Future of Cervical Cancer Screening Programmes in Europe, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319080016
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319080016 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MicroRNA Levels in Cervical Cancer Samples and Relationship with Lesion Grade and HPV Infection
MicroRNA Key miRNAs in Modulating Aging and Longevity: A Focus on Signaling Pathways and Cellular Targets
Current Molecular Pharmacology Toll-Like Receptors in the Cycling Female Reproductive Tract and During Pregnancy
Current Women`s Health Reviews Fungal Bioactive Compounds in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Current Bioactive Compounds Natural Product Inhibitors of Topoisomerases: Review and Docking Study
Current Protein & Peptide Science Non-Genotoxic p53-Activators and their Significance as Antitumor Therapy of Future
Current Medicinal Chemistry Viral Origins of Human Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Phytosynthesized Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Treatment: A Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia Review of Noscapine and its Analogues as Potential Anti-Cancer Drugs
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry A New Role for Zn(II) Aminopeptidases: Antigenic Peptide Generation and Destruction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Among HIV-Positive Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Current HIV Research Amygdalin Decreases Adhesion and Migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Current Molecular Pharmacology Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Products <i>via</i> the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Current Vascular Pharmacology Anti-Cancer Activity of 2,4-Disubstituted Thiophene Derivatives: Dual Inhibitors of Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase
Medicinal Chemistry Photoprotective Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Their Role in AMD
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Role of STAT3 Signaling in Mediating Tumor Resistance to Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Development of Highly Efficient KinExA Immunosensor-Based Assay for the Measurement of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Serum
Current Analytical Chemistry Modulation of the Ceramide Level, A Novel Therapeutic Concept
Current Drug Targets Part I: Targeted Particles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Current Drug Delivery Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) as a Target for Anti-Cancer Agent Design
Current Medicinal Chemistry