Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the structure that maintains central nervous system homeostasis; it is composed of brain endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, microglia, and of the extracellular matrix components basal lamina and glycocalyx. The blood-brain barrier constitutes the main interface between the brain and the periphery; therefore it is the main structure regulating the passage of molecules from blood-to-brain and vice versa. At brain endothelial cells are expressed numerous members of the solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene families; those carriers exert selective transport and preclude free exchange of molecules from blood-to-brain. In addition, brain endothelial cells present low paracellular diffusion and vesicle-mediated transport. The regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability is essential to guarantee nutrient supply to brain cells, but also to allow selective passage of drugs designed to treat brain diseases. This review describes both the pharmacological and physiological approaches to modulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Finally we propose that once more data on blood-brain barrier normal physiology are obtained, health professionals will be able to take advantage of normal variations in blood-brain barrier permeability to administer drugs aimed to affect the central nervous system in the critical time window of blood-brain barrier “opening”.
Keywords: blood-brain barrier permeability, brain endothelial cells, caveolae, receptor-mediated endocytosis, carrier systems, tight junctions, Beta-catenin, homotypically, paracellular leukocyte, lipophilic, neovascularization, abluminal, Plasminogen, diencephalon, dementia.
Current Psychopharmacology
Title:From Blood-to-Brain: Regulating the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Volume: 1
Author(s): B. Gomez-Gonzalez, K. Sanchez-Alegria and J. Velazquez-Moctezuma
Affiliation:
Keywords: blood-brain barrier permeability, brain endothelial cells, caveolae, receptor-mediated endocytosis, carrier systems, tight junctions, Beta-catenin, homotypically, paracellular leukocyte, lipophilic, neovascularization, abluminal, Plasminogen, diencephalon, dementia.
Abstract: The blood-brain barrier is the structure that maintains central nervous system homeostasis; it is composed of brain endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, microglia, and of the extracellular matrix components basal lamina and glycocalyx. The blood-brain barrier constitutes the main interface between the brain and the periphery; therefore it is the main structure regulating the passage of molecules from blood-to-brain and vice versa. At brain endothelial cells are expressed numerous members of the solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene families; those carriers exert selective transport and preclude free exchange of molecules from blood-to-brain. In addition, brain endothelial cells present low paracellular diffusion and vesicle-mediated transport. The regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability is essential to guarantee nutrient supply to brain cells, but also to allow selective passage of drugs designed to treat brain diseases. This review describes both the pharmacological and physiological approaches to modulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Finally we propose that once more data on blood-brain barrier normal physiology are obtained, health professionals will be able to take advantage of normal variations in blood-brain barrier permeability to administer drugs aimed to affect the central nervous system in the critical time window of blood-brain barrier “opening”.
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Cite this article as:
Gomez-Gonzalez B., Sanchez-Alegria K. and Velazquez-Moctezuma J., From Blood-to-Brain: Regulating the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Current Psychopharmacology 2012; 1 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556011201030214
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556011201030214 |
Print ISSN 2211-5560 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2211-5579 |
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Breakthroughs in drug design, development and delivery system for the management of neuro-psychiatric disorders
Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. This proposal describes the ...read more
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