This compendium represents a set of guides to understanding the challenging scientific, epidemiological, clinical, social, and economic phenomenon that is represented by the COVID-19 pandemic. The book explains the mathematical modeling of COVID-19 infection, with emphasis on traditional epidemiological principles. It represents a rigorous, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to a complex phenomenon. The chapters take into account the knowledge arising from different disciplines (epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, medicine, biology, vaccine development, etc.). It also covers COVID-19 data analysis, giving the reader a perspective of statistics and data science, and includes a discussion about social and economic issues of the pandemic. Each chapter is devoted to a specific topic, and is contributed by experts in epidemiology. Because of its multidisciplinary nature, this book is intended as a reference on mathematical models and basic immunotherapy for COVID-19 for a broad community of readers, from scholars who have scientific training, to general readers who have an interest in the disease.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people across the world. Clinicians and scientists across the globe need all the information of this pandemic on one platform. Today, it is also necessary to find out the association of COVID-19 with various medical comorbidities, and its effect on vulnerable populations that require special medical attention. This information will be helpful for the management of COVID-19. COVID-19: Effects in Comorbidities and Special Populations is a concise and visual reference for information about this viral disease and its relationship with different medical conditions. The book provides comprehensive knowledge covering COVID-19 comorbidities (for example, CVD, Diabetes, lung diseases, etc.), and the incidence in specific groups (for example, children and the elderly). Chapters outline the features and the management of the disease in specific conditions. Key Features: - 12 chapters covering several aspects of COVID-19 management, making this a perfect text book for virologist and medical students - Focused and structured description of different effects of COVID-19 in specific patient groups - Multiple tables and figures which summarizes and highlight important points - Multiple choice questions for learners - Detailed list of references, abbreviations and symbols This book is an essential reference for practicing and training virologists, pulmonologists, medical students and scientists working in research labs, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in connection with the control of COVID-19 infection.

Abdominal pain is one of the frequent reasons for admission to emergency departments in hospitals. Diagnosis in patients presenting abdominal pain is a challenge for physicians owing to several indications, and a lack of contraindications. Delay in diagnosis and misdiagnosis is a common problem even for the most experienced emergency physician or general surgeon. Disruptions that may be related to ancillary services such as radiology and biochemistry also increase the difficulty. Abdominal Pain: Essential Diagnosis and Management in Acute Medicine is a definitive diagnosis guide that serves as a quick reference that supplements medical examinations. It gives physicians involved in a range of medical specialties (emergency medicine, family medicine, gastroenterology, general surgery) an understanding of how to apply procedures to expediently relieve pain where possible, after evaluating and recording the initial vital signs and findings on systemic examination. Key Features - Covers abdominal pain diagnosis and patient management patient in a systematic and structured manner in 12 chapters - Chapters are dedicated to specific topics - Presents an individualized approach tailored for the patient to address common problems - Gives general working knowledge for specific diseases in the list of possible diagnoses - Provides a guide to situations involving trauma and surgery

This update on SARS-CoV-2 focuses on basic knowledge about the virus and COVID-19 treatment. Chapters present basic information about the disease and its treatment. The virology, epidemiology, etiology, and damage response framework of SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in detail. The book also covers recent topics of interest to pharmacology scholars such as the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV2, nanotechnology, repurposed drug treatments, COVID-19 vaccines, and phytomedicine for COVID-19 therapeutics. Readers in pharmacology, virology and medicine will find the book a simple, yet informative update on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory complication and affects approximately 1 % of the global population. It affects three times more women than men. RA is an autoimmune disorder elicited by exposure of genetic factors from the host to unknown antigens causing arthritogenic complaints. It also includes the activation of lymphocytes as well as CD4+ helper T cells along with the local release of chronic inflammatory mediators and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and various cytokines like interleukins (IL) that enormously affect the joints. The available allopathic therapies for RA are not a cure for the complications, and antibody therapy and surgical procedures are expensive. However, in the present era, researchers and healthcare professionals have moved toward natural medicines obtained from plants and other natural sources. Research-based on developments in phytomedicine has progressed steadily. Evidence has been collected to show the massive therapeutic potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems against many pathological complications. Researchers have focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products used for treatment and counteracting various disorders along with their complications having negligible adverse effects. Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders compiles current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and herbal formulations useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 11 chapters explain the role of natural products in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Topics have been contributed by experts in medicinal chemistry and rheumatology. The book first introduces the reader to rheumatoid arthritis before delving into conventional and alternative therapies for the disease. The editors have also included special topics such as the biomarkers for RA, cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators, and preclinical and clinical studies. The range of topics should provide a comprehensive overview of natural remedies for arthritis and the role of natural products in anti-arthritic drug development. The information will be useful for many readers including medical and pharmacology students, multidisciplinary research scholars, scientists, pharma/herbal/food industrialists, and policy makers.

This reference is the definitive guide to common neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans. The book covers mechanisms of some of the most well-known neurodegenerative diseases, their biomarkers, neuropharmacology, and emerging treatment strategies. The book introduces the subject of neurodegeneration by outlining the biochemistry, pathophysiology and multifactorial neurological mechanisms (the role of genetics, environmental factors and mitochondrial damage, for example). Next, it explains some of the most studied diseases, namely, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. Subsequent chapters delve into current knowledge about diagnostic and immunological biomarkers, followed by a summary of novel therapeutic strategies. Special attention has been given to the role of medicinal plants in attempting to treat neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the public health burden posed by these conditions. Key Features - give readers an overview of multifactorial disease mechanisms in neurodegeneration - covers some major neurodegenerative diseases in detail - covers diagnostic and immunological biomarkers - explores current therapeutic strategies and drug targets in common neurodegenerative diseases - offers a simple presentation with references for advanced readers The book is a suitable reference for all readers, including students, research scholars, and physicians who are interested in the mechanisms and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that actively participate in the immune-inflammatory response in various pathologies. This volume updates readers on knowledge about mitochondria function. The editors have compiled six chapters about inflammation in its broadest sense, with contributions from active groups of cell biologists, infectologists and pathologists. The chapters in this volume focus on research related to five notable diseases: (1) two diseases (one bacterial and one viral) in which the exacerbation of the inflammatory response can lead to neuropathies: leprosy (one of the oldest diseases in the world) and Zika fever (a disease relatively new in Brazil) (2) three diseases (two bacterial and one viral) in which the exacerbation of the inflammatory response can lead to irreversible lung damage that can cause rapid death: tuberculosis, pneumonia and the most recent global disease, COVID- 19. New information about mitochondrial biology is presented, such as the effect of aerobic physical exercise as a stimulator for mitochondria multiplication, and the role of mitochondrial damage in inducing immune-inflammatory responses to pathogens. The contents shed light on mitochondrial biochemical pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets. This is an important reference for scholars (cell biologists, microbiologists) in universities, hospitals and scientific research centers working on biological and biomedical problems, and for health professionals involved in infection control.

The rise in the incidence of infections is caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, it is essential to elucidate the basic mechanism of antibiotic resistance to discover effective methods for diagnosis and treatment of infections. The use of pathogen-specific probes offers a faster alternative for pathogen detection and could improve the diagnosis of infection. High resolution melting analysis techniques are useful for the detection of multi drug resistant pathogens. Rational Structural Based Drug Design is a common method to identify a lead compound and take it forward for further developments. This book provides information about recent strategies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by MDR bacteria. The volume covers the use of molecular probes for the quantification of pathogenic bacteria, along with other techniques mentioned above. Chapters also cover the use of identification of novel drug targets from the Lipid A biosynthesis and also from quorum sensing mediated biofilm formation in MDR bacteria. Chapters also cover herbal alternatives for the treatment of MDR bacteria like the use of Cassia aungustifolia in treatment of various diseases. The reference is suitable for biomedical students, cellular and molecular biologists.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. In this book, medical experts review our current understanding of the molecular biology and characteristics of breast cancer. The topics covered in this book provide comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying breast carcinogenesis, and are intended for a wide audience including scientists, teachers, and students. 11 chapters present information about several topics on breast cancer, including the role of cell growth and proliferation pathways, androgen and cytokine signaling, germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, and molecular factors causing invasive and metastatic breast cancer. In addition, the editors discuss the recent advancements in multi-omics data analysis based on inter-and intra-tumor molecular profiles. The reference highlights how the knowledge and understanding of the biological behavior of breast neoplasms have facilitated ongoing investigations into dietary polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, making them function as cancer chemopreventive agents. Along with this, the current development of treatment strategies such as targeted molecular therapy, and radiation therapy is brought to the fore to update readers.

Intelligent Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases presents information about diseases of the respiratory system and the relevant diagnostic imaging techniques. The book focuses on intelligent diagnostic imaging systems. The first section of the book deals with the physiological underpinnings of 3 major diseases that affect the respiratory system: tuberculosis, lung cancer and COVID-19. This section also explains the basic principles of artificial Intelligence that support the diagnosis of these diseases. The next section presents applications of intelligent systems to support the imaging diagnosis of COVID-19 and lung cancer, with emphasis on digital health and telemedicine approaches. Each chapter is organized into a readable format, and is accompanied with a detailed bibliographical information for further reading. This book is a reference for everyone seeking to understand how artificial intelligence can provide solutions for diagnostic support systems by processing and analyzing radiological images to improve early diagnosis and, consequently, lung disease prognosis.