Open Quantum Physics and Environmental Heat Conversion into Usable Energy

Fundamental subjects of quantum mechanics and general relativity are presented in a unitary framework. Based on the fundamental quantum laws of PlanckEinstein and De Broglie, a quantum particle is described by wave packets in the conjugate spaces of the coordinates and momentum. With the time-dependent phases proportional to the Lagrangian, the group velocities of these wave packets are in agreement with the fundamental Hamilton equations. When the relativistic Lagrangian, as a function of the metric tensor and the matter velocity field, is considered, the wave velocities are equal to the wavefunction coordinate velocity, which means that these waves describe the matter propagation. The equality of the integrals of the matter densities over the coordinate and momentum spaces, with the mass in the Lagrangian of the time-dependent phases, which describes the particle dynamics, represents the mass quantization rule. Describing the interaction of a quantum particle with the electromagnetic field by a modification of the particle dynamics determined by additional terms in the time-dependent phases, with an electric potential conjugated to time and a vector potential conjugated to the coordinates, Lorentz’s force and Maxwell’s equations are obtained. With Dirac’s Hamiltonian and operators satisfying the Clifford algebra, dynamic equations similar to those used in the quantum field theory are obtained, but with an additional relativistic function, depending on the velocity and the matter-field momentum. We obtain particle and antiparticle wavefunctions describing matter and anti-mater distributions. Unlike the conventional Fermi’s golden rule, in the new theory, the particle transitions are described by the Lagrangian matrix elements over the Lagrangian eigenstates and the densities of these states. Transition rates are obtained for the two possible processes, with the spin conservation or with the spin inversion. In this framework, we consider Dirac’s formalism of general relativity, with the basic concepts of the Christoffel symbols, covariant derivative, scalar density and matter conservation, the geodesic dynamics, curvature tensor, Bianci equations, Ricci tensor, Einstein’s gravitation law, and the Schwarzschild metric tensor. From the action integrals for the gravitational field, matter, electromagnetic field, and electric charge, we obtain the generalized Lorentz force and Maxwell equations for general relativity. It is shown that the gravitation equation is not modified by the electromagnetic field. For a black hole, the velocity and the acceleration of a particle are obtained. At the formation of a black hole, as a perfectly spherical object of matter gravitationally concentrated inside the Schwarzschild boundary, the central matter explodes, and the inside matter is carried out towards this boundary, reaching there only in an infinite time. Based on this model, we conceive our universe as a huge black hole, with its essential properties, such as the Big Bang, inflation, low large-scale density, redshift, quasi-inertial behavior of the distant bodies, dark matter, and dark energy, entirely explained by the general relativity. For a quantum particle in a gravitational wave, we obtained a rotation of the metric tensor perpendicular to the propagation direction of this wave, with the angular momentum 2, which we call the graviton spin, and a rotation of the particle matter, with a half-integer spin for Fermions and an integer spin for Bosons. We apply this theory to a two-particle and a particle-antiparticle collision, as well as a two-body decay of a quantum particle. In this framework, we also obtain a unitary description of the four forces acting in nature. A system of equations for the quark coordinates in a proton is obtained.