Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials via Plant Extracts
Page: 1-54 (54)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010003
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have become a hot research material in many fields,
such as catalysis, sensing, clinical diagnosis, medical treatment, antimicrobial agents,
and environmental remediation, due to their small size, high surface area, high
reactivity, and unique optical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties. The type,
morphology, size, and surface function modification of NPs determine their
performance and application scope. The development of green, simple, and controllable
NP synthesis methods is an important research direction at present. The biosynthesis of
NPs is a kind of green synthesis method that uses organisms or biomolecules to reduce
NP precursors. The reaction conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, and
there is no need for expensive equipment or harmful chemicals. It has been developed
into an important branch of nanobiotic technology. This chapter summarizes the latest
progress in the synthesis of NPs from different plant tissue extracts. It also summarizes
the biosynthesis mechanism and application of NPs, analyzes the main problems faced
by the biosynthesis method, and prospects its future research direction.
Preparation of Nanocellulose From Plants
Page: 55-88 (34)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010004
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Plants contain the most abundant natural polymer cellulose in nature. Plants
have a multilayered structure, made up of cells at the microscopic level. The main
material of cells exists in the cell wall, mainly in the form of cellulose nanofilament-matrix composite structure, which plays a crucial role in the performance and function
of plants. Nanocellulose, as a kind of environmentally friendly renewable polymer
material, has great application potential and ecological benefits. In this chapter, the
structural properties and preparation methods of nanocellulose are introduced, and the
characterization methods and modification methods of nanocellulose are summarized.
Finally, the design and construction of new nanocellulose materials in the future are
prospected.
Preparation and Application of Plant-derived Biochar
Page: 89-118 (30)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010005
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Plant-derived biochar is derived from biomass as a carbon source. It has a
large specific surface area, high pore capacity, adjustable surface functional groups,
and good environmental compatibility. Its raw material, plant-derived biomass, is
widely available and renewable. It is a cheap and efficient adsorbent. Most biochar
contains more than 70 percent carbon. Biochar can adsorb heavy metal ions, hormones,
and organic pollutants. It can also be used for soil improvement, carbon sequestration,
and the development of new materials with BC as the main component. In this chapter,
biochar preparation and plants’ selection are introduced. How to characterize biochar is
also discussed. In addition, biochar adsorption applications in different fields are also
introduced.
Extraction and Application of Plant Exosomes
Page: 119-136 (18)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010006
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by plant
cells, with a lipid bilayer as the basic skeleton, which encapsulates various active
substances such as proteins and nucleic acids. Plant exosomes are nanoscale vesicles
secreted by plant cells, containing DNA, small RNA, sRNA, microRNA, miRNA and
proteins, which mediate cell-to-cell communication. Plant exosomes play anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and other roles through the substances
contained in them, and participate in the defense response to pathogen invasion. Plant
exosome nanoparticles are mostly edible and can be used as delivery vehicles for
specific drugs without toxicity or side effects. In this chapter, the recent literature
reports on plant exosomes are reviewed, and the sources and functions of plant
exosomes are summarized and analyzed.
In vivo Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Plants as Hosts
Page: 137-147 (11)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010007
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
The precursors of nanomaterials can be transformed into nanomaterials in
plants. This chapter introduces plants as hosts for nanomaterial synthesis. Although the
synthesis of nanomaterials by this method cannot be obtained in large quantities, the
existence of nanomaterials in plants will have a certain impact on the growth of plants.
This technique may not be useful in the synthesis of nanomaterials, but it has potential
applications in agriculture.
Plant Polyphenol Nanoparticle's Preparation and Application
Page: 148-156 (9)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010008
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are important secondary metabolites in plants. They have
strong antioxidant activity, which has a certain effect on the prevention of
cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases, and can be widely used as
antioxidants in food, drugs, and many other fields. The use of nanotechnology to make
polyphenolic compounds into nanoparticles can effectively protect polyphenols from
destruction, and improve the antioxidant and stability of polyphenols. In this chapter,
the preparation technology and functional characteristics of polyphenol nanoparticles
are discussed in detail, and the preparation and application of polyphenol nanoparticles
are provided with references.
Good Guy vs. Bad Guy: The Opposing Roles of Nanoparticles in Plant
Page: 157-175 (19)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010009
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
The increasingly wide application of artificial nanomaterials is bound to lead
to a large number of nanomaterials in the ecological environment, so the possible
environmental pollution and ecological effects of nanomaterials have also attracted
great attention. Plants are an important part of the ecosystem. On the one hand,
nanomaterials may affect the development and growth of plants. On the other hand, the
metabolic activities of plants can affect the migration and transformation behavior of
nanomaterials in the environment and their transmission in the food web. This chapter
reviews recent studies on the interaction between nanomaterials and plants, and
discusses the toxic effects of different nanomaterials on plants from the plant to the
plant cell level, as well as the process of plant uptake and transport of nanomaterials.
Plant Tissues as Templates for Morphology Genetic Material Synthesis
Page: 176-181 (6)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010010
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
In order to ensure the needs of survival and reproduction, plants have
formed various, diverse, multi-dimensional, and multi-scale fine and subtle
configurations for millions of years, which provides rich inspiration for scientific
research in many fields today. Research on morphology genetic material converts
natural biological components into target materials by directly using biological
structures as templates and selecting appropriate physicochemical methods while
maintaining the fine-graded structure of the template. It can be used to prepare new
functional materials with a biological finely-graded structure. This section describes
methods for preparing functional materials with biological structures using morphology
genetic material research ideas. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the structure of
residual materials prepared by using several typical plant structures as templates, and
discuss the related functional performance of materials with different structural
characteristics.
Plant Virus Nanoparticles and Their Applications
Page: 182-191 (10)
Author: Li Fu*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815136388123010011
PDF Price: $15
Abstract
Plant virions, as nano-sized particles, have the advantages of high
accumulation levels in plant cells, low regeneration cost, simple purification process
and safety for the human body. They are ideal natural nanomaterials. With the
development of bio-nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles show more and more
applicable potential in the field of medicine. This chapter reviews the research progress
and application of plant virus nanoparticles in the field of medicine, focusing on
targeted drug delivery, molecular imaging and vaccine preparation.
Introduction
Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts is a comprehensive guide that explores the fundamental aspects, synthesis methods, and various applications of nanomaterials derived from plants. This book is designed for postgraduate researchers, engineers, and scientists in the fields of materials science, biotechnology, and chemical engineering, as well as other disciplines involved in nanomaterial production and applications. The book delves into different plant-mediated nanomaterials, analyzing their synthesis mechanisms and discussing the regulation and application prospects of plant synthesis. It covers topics such as nanocellulose, biochar materials, plant exosomes, polyphenol nanoparticles, and the phytotoxicity and uptake of nanomaterials by plants. Additionally, it explores the research progress and applications of plant virus nanoparticles in the medical field, including drug delivery, molecular imaging, and vaccine preparation. Readers will be familiarized with the synthetic methods, characterization, and applications of green nanomaterials, paving the way for future studies on plants and their phytochemical constituents. With its comprehensive coverage of plant-derived nanomaterials and their diverse applications, Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to understand the potential of plants as sustainable sources for nanomaterial production.