The Role of Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Renal Disease

Abstract

The role of mitochondrial disorders in kidney diseases is receiving increasing attention since evidence indicates that mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and crosstalk within the local environment are related to physiological homeostasis for adequate kidney function. In particular, in acute kidney disease (AKI), there are wellestablished alterations in mitochondrial structure and function. These changes included decreased mitochondrial abundance in proximal tubule cells, swelling of individual organelles, and disturbance of tightly stacked cristae. In this chapter, we discuss how disturbances in mitochondria exacerbate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), aggravating renal dysfunction, particularly AKI, and increasing the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, this review of the role of mitochondria in renal disease revealed that knowledge concerning changes in the redox ratio caused by NADH/NAD in renal cells and cellular compartments is limited and needs further investigation.

Keywords: Amino acid metabolism, Chronic kidney disease, Mitochondrial dysfunction, NOX, Renal dysfunction.

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