Five and Six-membered N-heterocycle Rings from Diaminomaleonitrile

Abstract

Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) is a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide that has been used as the source of purine bases such as adenine. In the literature, DAMN seems to be an essential element used to synthesize various N-heterocyclic compounds. Numerous pharmaceutical and industrial applications have been described for DAMNderived compounds. Among these compounds are five and six-membered N-heterocyclic rings, and since their emergence, DAMN has been extensively investigated as an inexpensive and readily available reagent in synthetic and complex chemistry applications, including those that produce dyes and pigments. As a rich nitrogen source, DAMN occupies an important position in synthetic heterocyclic chemistry. Various synthetic methodologies and diverse heterocyclic structures have been produced and approved across a broad array of industrial fields. This chapter covers five and six-membered rings obtained directly from DAMN.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antitumour, Cyclization, Diaminomaleonitrile, Hydrogen cyanide, Imidazole, Medicinal chemistry, N-heterocycles, Pharmaceuticals, Pyrazine, Pyrimidine, Triazole.