Abstract
Background: Heavy metal removal from wastewaters can be achieved by conventional processes such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, flocculation, and so on. These methods have significant disadvantages, which are, for instance, incomplete removal, high-energy requirements, and production of toxic sludge. Nowadays, numerous approaches have been studied for the development of cheaper and more effective technologies. Adsorption has shown one of the alternative treatments. Basically, adsorption is a mass transfer process by which a substance is transferred from the liquid phase to the surface of a solid, and becomes bound by physical and/or chemical interaction.
Methods: In this work, a simple method for determination of cadmium in petroleum effluent samples using multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified by anthraquinone followed by atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The structure, morphology and composition of nanosorbents were characterized by SEM and FT-IR techniques. A Taguchi L-16 method was used for selecting the best experimental condition. Effects of experimental parameters including pH, amount of the adsorbent, type of the adsorbent, removal temperature and removal time were investigated.
Results: The results obtained by AAS indicated that the 2, 6-AQ-MWCNTs had much higher adsorption capacity for Cd(II) ions. The potential interfering ion on the removal efficiency of cadmium was studied.
Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of cadmium in different petroleum effluent samples. The applicability of this sorbent was also investigated in some different real samples.
Keywords: Anthraquinone modified carbon nanotube, Cd, adsorption, Taguchi design, oily wastewater, atomic absorption spectrometry, kinetic.
Graphical Abstract
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