Abstract
Background & Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It represents mild, moderate and severe effects of physical assault to brain which may cause sequential, primary or secondary ramifications. Primary injury can be due to the first physical hit, blow or jolt to one of the brain compartments. The primary injury is then followed by secondary injury which leads to biochemical, cellular, and physiological changes like blood brain barrier disruption, inflammation, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of oxidative stress. Apart from this, there is also an immediate increase in glutamate at the synapses following severe TBI. Excessive glutamate at synapses in turn activates corresponding NMDA and AMPA receptors that facilitate excessive calcium influx into the neuronal cells. This leads to the generation of oxidative stress which further leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins and DNA. As a consequence, neuronal cell death takes place and ultimately people start facing some serious disabilies.
Conclusion: In the present review we provide extensive overview of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and its fatal effects on brain after TBI.
Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, secondary injury, biochemical.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Oxidative Stress: Major Threat in Traumatic Brain Injury
Volume: 17 Issue: 9
Author(s): Nidhi Khatri, Manisha Thakur, Vikas Pareek, Sandeep Kumar, Sunil Sharma and Ashok Kumar Datusalia*
Affiliation:
- National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana,India
Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, secondary injury, biochemical.
Abstract: Background & Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It represents mild, moderate and severe effects of physical assault to brain which may cause sequential, primary or secondary ramifications. Primary injury can be due to the first physical hit, blow or jolt to one of the brain compartments. The primary injury is then followed by secondary injury which leads to biochemical, cellular, and physiological changes like blood brain barrier disruption, inflammation, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of oxidative stress. Apart from this, there is also an immediate increase in glutamate at the synapses following severe TBI. Excessive glutamate at synapses in turn activates corresponding NMDA and AMPA receptors that facilitate excessive calcium influx into the neuronal cells. This leads to the generation of oxidative stress which further leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins and DNA. As a consequence, neuronal cell death takes place and ultimately people start facing some serious disabilies.
Conclusion: In the present review we provide extensive overview of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and its fatal effects on brain after TBI.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Khatri Nidhi , Thakur Manisha , Pareek Vikas , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Sunil and Datusalia Kumar Ashok*, Oxidative Stress: Major Threat in Traumatic Brain Injury, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2018; 17 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527317666180627120501
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527317666180627120501 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Heart and Brain Axis Targets in CNS Neurological Disorders
Recently there has been a surge of interest in delving deeper into the complex interplay between the heart and brain. This fascination stems from a growing recognition of the profound influence each organ holds over the other, particularly in the realm of central nervous system (CNS) neurological disorders. The purpose ...read more
Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent and Treat Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
More than 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. By 2050, the population affected by dementia will exceed 139 million individuals. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-dementia stage, also known as prodromal dementia, affecting older adults. MCI emerges years before the manifestation of dementia but can be avoidable and ...read more
Pathogenic Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanisms to Treatment Modalities
The primary objective of this thematic issue is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which pathogenic proteins contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and to highlight current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating their effects. By bringing together cutting-edge research and reviews, this issue aims to: 1.Enhance Understanding: Provide a comprehensive ...read more
Role of glial cells in autism spectrum disorder: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic approaches
Emerging evidence suggests that glial cells may play a pivotal role in neuroanatomical and behavioral changes found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many individuals with ASD experience a neuro-immune system abnormalities throughout life, which implicates a potential role of microglia in the pathogenesis of ASD. Dysfunctional astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Subject Index Volume-2
Current Enzyme Inhibition Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Verapamil and Methylxanthine Derivatives in Mice
Drug Metabolism Letters Viral Encephalitis: Current Treatments and Future Perspectives
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Not Just the Brain: Methamphetamine Disrupts Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier and Induces Acute Glial Activation and Structural Damage of Spinal Cord Cells
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mitochondrial Respiration in the Platelets of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Some Controversial Theories for SIDS
Current Pediatric Reviews Selective Modulator of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Reduces Memory Impairment and Infarct Size During Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Vascular Dementia
Current Neurovascular Research Cooling the Injured Brain: How Does Moderate Hypothermia Influence the Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Decrease in the Generation of Amyloid-β Due to Salvianolic Acid B by Modulating BACE1 Activity
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial: Targeting Cerebral Vascular Injury for Intervention
Current Drug Delivery Mollusk-Derived Growth Factor and the New Subfamily of Adenosine Deaminase-related Growth Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vehicles for Lipophilic Drugs: Implications for Experimental Design, Neuroprotection, and Drug Discovery
Current Neurovascular Research Neurodegeneration in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment: Glutamate in the Limelight
Current Neuropharmacology Gender Difference Response of Male and Female Immunodeficiency Rats Treated with Tissue-specific Biomolecules
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Importance of Aquaporins in the Physiopathology of Brain Edema
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exercise Induced Cardioprotection: An Overview of a Unique Form of Preconditioning
Current Cardiology Reviews Synthesis of 5-Arylidene Barbiturates: A Novel Class of DPPH Radical Scavengers
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Glioma Therapy: A Novel Insight in the Immunotherapeutic Regime with T11TS/SLFA-3
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Critically Ill Patients
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews