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Current Drug Metabolism

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2002
ISSN (Online): 1875-5453

Atypical Enzyme Kinetics: Their Effect on In Vitro-In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Predictions and Drug Interactions

Author(s): Timothy S. Tracy

Volume 4, Issue 5, 2003

Page: [341 - 346] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1389200033489280

Price: $65

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Abstract

The most common method for estimating a drugs in vivo clearance from in vitro data has involved using the classical Michaelis-Menten model to describe the observed in vitro data and from this estimate intrinsic clearance. This process assumes that the drug obeys standard enzyme kinetics that can be described by this model. However, the observation of atypical enzyme kinetics, particularly involving cytochrome P450 enzymes, has become relatively common, and occurrences have been reported with virtually all of the cytochrome P450 isoforms. Since predictions of a drugs in vivo clearance are made based on kinetic parameters observed during in vitro experiments (in vitro estimated intrinsic clearance), mis-identification of the drugs kinetic profile can lead to inaccurate predictions of intrinsic clearance. In addition to these potential ramifications of in vitro - in vivo predictions, information is becoming available concerning the in vivo implications of drugs that exhibit atypical kinetic profiles. This review will discuss the various types of atypical kinetic profiles that may be observed during in vitro experiments, hypotheses for why they may occur, examples of how a drugs intrinsic clearance may be mis-estimated when atypical kinetics are incorrectly assessed, and the potential ramifications of these issues for prediction of drug interactions. Furthermore, potential, artifactual causes of atypical kinetic phenomena will be described.

Keywords: atypical kinetics,, correlations,, cytochrome p450, clearance, pharmacokinetics


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