Abstract
Genetic background accounts for only 5 to 10% of the reported cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown etiology. It is believed that environmental factors may be involved in the causality of a large proportion of PD cases. Several PD genes are activated by xenobiotic exposure, and a link between pesticide exposure and PD has been demonstrated. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between PD and exposure to metals such as mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, and zinc. This review explores the biological effects, the pathogenetic processes, genetic susceptibilities to metals as well as examining future strategies for PD treatment, such as chelation therapy.
Keywords: Substantia nigra, alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid, glutamate, glutathione, oxidative stress, metals, dopamine.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes
Volume: 25 Issue: 19
Author(s): Geir Bjorklund*, Vera Stejskal, Mauricio A. Urbina, Maryam Dadar, Salvatore Chirumbolo and Joachim Mutter
Affiliation:
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana,Norway
Keywords: Substantia nigra, alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid, glutamate, glutathione, oxidative stress, metals, dopamine.
Abstract: Genetic background accounts for only 5 to 10% of the reported cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown etiology. It is believed that environmental factors may be involved in the causality of a large proportion of PD cases. Several PD genes are activated by xenobiotic exposure, and a link between pesticide exposure and PD has been demonstrated. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between PD and exposure to metals such as mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, and zinc. This review explores the biological effects, the pathogenetic processes, genetic susceptibilities to metals as well as examining future strategies for PD treatment, such as chelation therapy.
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Cite this article as:
Bjorklund Geir*, Stejskal Vera , Urbina A. Mauricio, Dadar Maryam, Chirumbolo Salvatore and Mutter Joachim , Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171129124616
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171129124616 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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