Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4129
ISSN (Online): 1875-676X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

A Simple, Green and Fast Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for the Carbamide Peroxide Determination in Dental Whitening Products

Author(s): Fabiana Vieira Lima*, Aline Farias, Cassiana Mendes, Simone Gonçalves Cardoso and Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva*

Volume 15, Issue 2, 2019

Page: [138 - 144] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573412913666171027164015

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The carbamide peroxide is the most commonly active ingredient used for home dental whitening products, its quantification in pharmaceutical products is of extreme importance due to the relation with the products potency and the previously related low carbamide peroxide stability. Once, there is only one official carbamide peroxide determination based on iodometric titration, this method is time-consuming and generates a lot of residues. The aim of this study was to carry out development and validation of a simple and fast ultraviolet spectrophotometer assay to quantify an innovative dental whitening gel.

Methods: The proposed method was validated according international conference on harmonization guideline. Procedure is based on the iodide/iodine redox chemistry; iodine released through the action of hydrogen peroxide of carbamide peroxide with ultraviolet detection at 350 nm.

Results: The procedure was linear in the concentration range of 1.0-4.0 µg/mL, specific to the excipients, robust for the evaluated parameters (variation of wavelength (± 5 nm); reagent addition (± 10%)), showing the results of RSD 1.88 and 0.39% respectively. Repeatability precision was RSD = 1.42%, with accurate RSD = 2.15% by adding reference solution. The assay used only water as solvent for sample preparation. In comparison to the pharmacopeial method, the latter is more time-consuming, as it generates a lot of residues, and it could not quantify small CP dosages.

Conclusion: Thus, the proposed method was proved to be suitable to determine carbamide peroxide during the development and characterization of nanoparticle formulations in the present study.

Keywords: Carbamide peroxide, dental whitening, gel, method, ultraviolet spectrophotometric, validation.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Vidal, I.G.; Dias, I.L.T.; Neto, G.D.O.; Lanza, M.R.D.V.; Sotomayor, M.D.P.T. Carbamide peroxide determination in tooth whitening using a reagentless HRP-biosensor. Anal. Lett., 2009, 42, 352-365.
[2]
Afroz, S.; Rathi, S.; Rajput, G.; Rahman, S.A. Dental esthetics and its impact on psycho-social well-being and dental self confidence: a campus based survey of north indian university students. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc., 2013, 13, 455-460.
[3]
Bloomfield, M.S. A rapid and precise assay for peroxide as “active oxygen” in products, by flow injection analysis in a high pressure system with spectrophotometric detection. Talanta, 2004, 64, 1175-1182.
[4]
Santos, A.A.; Wendler, E.P.; Marques, F.D.A.; Simonelli, F. Microwave- accelerated epoxidation of α, β -unsaturated ketones with urea- hydrogen peroxide. 2004, 47-49.
[5]
Meireles, S.S.; Heckmann, S.S.; Leida, F.L.; dos Santos, I.S.; Della Bona, A.; Demarco, F.F. Efficacy and safety of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening gels: A randomized clinical trial. Oper. Dent., 2008, 33, 606-612.
[6]
Matis, B.A.; Cochran, M.A.; Wang, G.; Eckert, G.J. A clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching regimens with and without tray bleaching. Oper. Dent., 2009, 34, 142-149.
[7]
Baratieri, L.N.; Maia, E.; Andrada, M.A.C.; Araujo, E. Caderno de Dentística: Clareamento Dental, 1st ed São Paulo; Santos Editora, 2004.
[8]
Apple, G.; Reus, M. Formulações Aplicadas a Odontologia, 2nd ed São Paulo; RCN Editora, 2005.
[9]
Ansel, H.C.; Popovich, N.G.; Allen, J.R. Farmacotécnica: Formas Farmacêuticas E Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, 6th ed São Paulo; Premier, 2000.
[10]
Gadanha, A.N.; Rossini, C.R. Stability of carbamide peroxide in gel formulation as prepared in brazilian compounding pharmacies. 2013, 94, 115-119.
[11]
Bonesi, C. de M.; Ulian, L.S.; Balem, P.; Angeli, V.W. Carbamide peroxide gel stability under different temperature conditions: Is manipulated formulation an option? Brazilian . J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 47, 719-724.
[12]
USP 16. In United Satates Pharmacopeia. Washington:. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention 1960.
[13]
USP 39. United States Pharmacopeia. Rockville: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention 2016.
[14]
Görög, S. The paradigm shifting role of chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2012, 69, 2-8.
[15]
Baccan, N. Química Analítica Quantitativa Elementar, 3rd ed; Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda: São Paulo, 2001.
[16]
Liu, Y.A.; Liao, X. Fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in biological systems. Curr. Org. Chem., 2013, 17, 654-669.
[17]
Tajima, N.; Takasaki, M.; Fukamachi, H.; Igarashi, T.; Nakajima, Y.; Arakawa, H. Determination of reactive oxygen generated from natural medicines and their antibacterial activity. J. Pharm. Anal., 2016, 6, 214-218.
[18]
Gimeno, P.; Bousquet, C.; Lassu, N.; Maggio, A.F.; Civade, C.; Brenier, C.; Lempereur, L. High-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide present or released in teeth bleaching kits and hair cosmetic products. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2015, 107, 386-393.
[19]
Takamura, K.; Matsumoto, T. Ultraviolet-visible spectral analysis for the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a titanium(iv)-porphyrin reagent. Appl. Spectrosc., 2009, 63, 579-584.
[20]
Imato, T.; Ohura, H.; Yamasaki, S.; Asano, Y. Potentiometric flow injection analysis of concentrated hydrogen peroxide by using an Fe(ii)-Fe(iii) redox potential buffer solution. Talanta, 2000, 52, 19-26.
[21]
Arakawa, H.; Nakabayashi, S.; Ohno, K.I.; Maeda, M. New fluorimetric assay of horseradish peroxidase using sesamol as substrate and its application to EIA. J. Pharm. Anal., 2012, 2, 156-159.
[22]
Mena-Serrano, A.; Parreiras, S.; Nascimento, E.do; Borges, C.; Berger, S.; Loguercio, A.; Reis, A. Effects of the concentration and composition of in-office bleaching gels on hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber. Oper. Dent., 2015, 40, E76-E82.
[23]
Ovenston, C.J.; Rees, W.T. The spectrophotometric determination of small amounts of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. 1950, 75, 204-208.
[24]
Walker, T.A. A liquid chromatographic assay for urea in over-the-counter carbamide peroxide products. J. Pharm. Biol. Anal., 1994, 12, 1277-1282.
[25]
Hannig, C.; Zech, R.; Henze, E.; Dorr-Tolui, R.; Attin, T. Determination of peroxides in saliva - kinetics of peroxide release into saliva during home-bleaching with Whitestrips® and Vivastyle®. Arch. Oral Biol., 2003, 48, 559-566.
[26]
Tzanavaras, P.D.T.; Verdoukas, A.V.; Themelis, D.G.T. Development and validation of a flow-injection assay for dissolution studies of the anti-depressant drug venlafaxine. Anal. Sci., 2005, 21, 1-4.
[27]
Antunes, R.A.; Antonio, E.; Mainardes, R.M.; Khalil, N.M. Development and validation of HPLC - PDA method for the quantitative determination of diphenyl diselenide in poly (lactide) nanoparticles. Curr. Pharm. Anal., 2016, 12, 121-128.
[28]
ICH. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Validation of Analytical Procedures : In. Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology, ICH-Q2 (R1); Geneva, Switzerland,, 2005.
[29]
ANVISA. Guia Para Validação de Métodos Analíticos E Bioanalíticos. Resolução RE n 899, 29 maio, 2003, 29(899), 1-15.
[30]
Ramos, B.G.Z.; Lima, F.V. Clareador e dessensibilizante dentário com ativos encapsulados e processo para sua obtenção br patent 102013015764-3 A2, March 29, 2016.
[31]
Ansel, H.C.; Popovich, N.G.; Allen, L.V. Farmacotécnica: Formas Farmacêuticas E Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, 9th ed São Paulo; Premier, 2013.
[32]
Traple, M.A.L.; Saviano, A.M.; Francisco, F.L.; Lourenco, F.R. Measurement uncertainty in pharmaceutical analysis and its application. J. Pharm. Anal., 2014, 4, 1-5.
[33]
Brasil. Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th ed Brasília; Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, 2010.
[34]
Mendes, C.; Buttchevitz, A.; Kruger, J.H.; Bernardi, L.S.; Oliveira, P.R.; Silva, M.A.S. Quantitative analysis of norfloxacin in β -cyclodextrin inclusion complexes - development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method. Anal. Sci., 2015, 31, 1083-1089.
[35]
Kogawa, A.C.; Salgado, H.R.N. Quantification of rifaximin in tablets by spectrophotometric method ecofriendly in ultraviolet region. Scientifica., 2016.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
26
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy