Abstract
Abrupt cessation of long-term alcohol consumption produces well-defined symptoms called alcohol withdrawal (AW). The exact pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the appearance of AW symptoms and particularly those related to the precipitation of delirium tremens (DT), still await clarification in spite of the fact that the prediction of complicated AW is essential to guarantee that appropriate therapies may be planned in advance. Changes in central nervous system (CNS) glutamate- and GABA-transmission and a role of voltageoperated calcium channels are equally important elements of neuroadaptation to the chronic presence of alcohol. In addition to the CNS regulation, however, changes in peripheral fluid and electrolyte homeostasis may accompany, and are expected to modify the clinical symptoms of AW. In an early phase of acute withdrawal, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity and aldosterone are high. In patients with DT, elevated levels of ANP were observed days before the actual onset of DT. It is concluded that the altered plasma ANP secretion might be associated with, and therefore used as an indicator of the onset of DT. However, ANP is present in and produced by the brain and thus it can be regarded as a neuropeptide. The role of CNS ANP was studied in mice, rendered tolerant to and physically dependent on alcohol. Intracerebroventricular injections of ANP attenuated, whereas those of an antiserum against ANP intensified hyperexcitability during AW. ANP in the brain - the content of which undergoes sensitive changes in the hippocampus during AW - appears to interact primarily with glutamate transmission through the NMDA-receptors. This brain structure is of utmost importance for the generation of withdrawal-related hyperexcitability. It is concluded that peripheral secretion of ANP might be a diagnostics indicator, whereas ANP in the CNS might be a modulator of AW.
Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, natriuretic peptides, bloods levels, central nervous system, nmda, central and peripheral role
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: [General Articles] Natriuretic Peptides in Alcohol Withdrawal: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms
Volume: 10 Issue: 23
Author(s): G. L. Kovacs
Affiliation:
Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, natriuretic peptides, bloods levels, central nervous system, nmda, central and peripheral role
Abstract: Abrupt cessation of long-term alcohol consumption produces well-defined symptoms called alcohol withdrawal (AW). The exact pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the appearance of AW symptoms and particularly those related to the precipitation of delirium tremens (DT), still await clarification in spite of the fact that the prediction of complicated AW is essential to guarantee that appropriate therapies may be planned in advance. Changes in central nervous system (CNS) glutamate- and GABA-transmission and a role of voltageoperated calcium channels are equally important elements of neuroadaptation to the chronic presence of alcohol. In addition to the CNS regulation, however, changes in peripheral fluid and electrolyte homeostasis may accompany, and are expected to modify the clinical symptoms of AW. In an early phase of acute withdrawal, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity and aldosterone are high. In patients with DT, elevated levels of ANP were observed days before the actual onset of DT. It is concluded that the altered plasma ANP secretion might be associated with, and therefore used as an indicator of the onset of DT. However, ANP is present in and produced by the brain and thus it can be regarded as a neuropeptide. The role of CNS ANP was studied in mice, rendered tolerant to and physically dependent on alcohol. Intracerebroventricular injections of ANP attenuated, whereas those of an antiserum against ANP intensified hyperexcitability during AW. ANP in the brain - the content of which undergoes sensitive changes in the hippocampus during AW - appears to interact primarily with glutamate transmission through the NMDA-receptors. This brain structure is of utmost importance for the generation of withdrawal-related hyperexcitability. It is concluded that peripheral secretion of ANP might be a diagnostics indicator, whereas ANP in the CNS might be a modulator of AW.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kovacs L. G., [General Articles] Natriuretic Peptides in Alcohol Withdrawal: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2003; 10 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033456459
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033456459 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Nanotubes at Neural and Immune Synapses
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Polypharmacology in Drug Discovery)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Examining the Causes of Maternal Mortality in Pregnant Women Since the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hamadan Province, Western Iran: A Research Article
Coronaviruses Adenosine Receptors: What We Know and What We are Learning
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry P2X7 Receptors: Channels, Pores and More
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Drugs for the Treatment of Brain Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Advances in Acid-sensitive Ion Channels in Central Nervous System Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design The DREAM of Pain Relief
Current Rheumatology Reviews Parallel Computing for Brain Simulation
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cholesterol and Apoe: A Target for Alzheimers Disease Therapeutics
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Modulation of Potassium Channels as a Therapeutic Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Neurobiology, Traditional Pharmaceuticals and Novel Alternatives from Medicinal Plants
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Glycyrrhizic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia Associated with Oxidative Damage and Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Anticonvulsant and Neurological Profile of Benzothiazoles: A Mini-Review
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Hypsarrhythmia (Infantile Spasms/West Syndrome) and Immunity
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Induction of Nuclear Receptors and Drug Resistance in the Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs
Current Neurovascular Research Pharmacogenomics of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes and Obesity
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Neurological Aspects of Medical Use of Cannabidiol
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Outcomes
Current Pediatric Reviews Polymer Conjugate as the New Promising Drug Delivery System for Combination Therapy against Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry