Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where the main risk factor is age, since its incidence increases dramatically after the age of 60. It is the most common form of dementia, and is accompanied by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Although AD was discovered over a century ago, the only drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in its treatment are four cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. However, these drugs are not fully effective in the treatment of AD. Therefore, the incessant search for new methods of treating AD continues, with the hope of improving both the effectiveness of therapies and the quality of life for patients suffering with AD. Current evidence suggests that the antibiotic minocycline could be a potential therapeutic drug for use in the treatment of AD due to its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative that combines an anti-inflammatory property that is capable of crossing the blood brain barrier with neuroprotective properties that work by limiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Several studies have established the presence of inflammatory markers in the brains of patients suffering with AD, including elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines and microgliosis in damaged regions. Cytokines have been associated with increased tau phosphorylation and decreased levels of synaptophysin, establishing their roles in the cytoskeletal and synaptic alterations that take place in AD. Therefore, pharmacological approaches that allow for the discovery and development of new anti-inflammatory agents such as minocycline will be welcomed in the continuing struggle against AD. Considering these facts, this review will discuss the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of minocycline as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, AD treatment, cytokine, minocycline, neuroinflammation, microglial activation.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Minocycline in Alzheimer´s Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 12
Author(s): J. Budni, M. L. Garcez, J. de Medeiros, E. Cassaro, T. Bellettini-Santos, F. Mina and J. Quevedo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, AD treatment, cytokine, minocycline, neuroinflammation, microglial activation.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where the main risk factor is age, since its incidence increases dramatically after the age of 60. It is the most common form of dementia, and is accompanied by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Although AD was discovered over a century ago, the only drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in its treatment are four cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. However, these drugs are not fully effective in the treatment of AD. Therefore, the incessant search for new methods of treating AD continues, with the hope of improving both the effectiveness of therapies and the quality of life for patients suffering with AD. Current evidence suggests that the antibiotic minocycline could be a potential therapeutic drug for use in the treatment of AD due to its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative that combines an anti-inflammatory property that is capable of crossing the blood brain barrier with neuroprotective properties that work by limiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Several studies have established the presence of inflammatory markers in the brains of patients suffering with AD, including elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines and microgliosis in damaged regions. Cytokines have been associated with increased tau phosphorylation and decreased levels of synaptophysin, establishing their roles in the cytoskeletal and synaptic alterations that take place in AD. Therefore, pharmacological approaches that allow for the discovery and development of new anti-inflammatory agents such as minocycline will be welcomed in the continuing struggle against AD. Considering these facts, this review will discuss the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of minocycline as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Budni J., Garcez L. M., Medeiros de J., Cassaro E., Bellettini-Santos T., Mina F. and Quevedo J., The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Minocycline in Alzheimer´s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666160819124206
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666160819124206 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Early nutritional intervention and physical activity in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
The aim is to broaden the knowledge about the impact of the consumption of food ingredients, diet ingredients, methods of processing of food raw materials as well as the impact of composing of diets on the possibility of preventing Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia at each stage of ...read more
Enhancing Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Efficacy Prediction with Explainable AI, Radiomics, Biomarkers, and Multimodal Neuroimaging
The thematic issue, Enhancing Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Efficacy Prediction with Explainable AI, Radiomics, Biomarkers, and Multimodal Neuroimaging, aims to bridge the gap between advanced computational techniques and clinical practice in Alzheimer’s disease research. Alzheimer’s disease poses significant challenges in early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and predicting treatment efficacy. ...read more
Integrative Perspectives on Neurodegeneration and Aging: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Strategies
The increasing burden of age-related neurodegenerative diseases demands an immediate and pressing need for research in all aspects, from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions. The special issue in Current Alzheimer Research "Integrative Perspectives on Neurodegeneration and Aging: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Strategies" aims to highlight the summary of state-of-the-art ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Smoking and Hypertension: Independent or Additive Effects to Determining Vascular Damage?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Translational Shift of HSP90 as a Novel Therapeutic Target from Cancer to Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Emerging Trend in the Cure of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
Current Drug Metabolism Association of Circulating Cholesterol Level with Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-based Population Study
Current Alzheimer Research Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Other Coronary Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis: Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Preventive Measures
Current Pharmaceutical Design MCI Patients Declining and Not-Declining at Mid-Term Follow-Up: FDG-PET Findings
Current Alzheimer Research Subject Index to Volume 11
Protein & Peptide Letters Possible Roles of Microglial Cells for Neurotoxicity in Clinical Neurodegenerative Diseases and Experimental Animal Models
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI in Alzheimers Disease
Current Medical Imaging Coenzyme Q10 and Neurological Diseases: An Update
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein as a Biochemical Link Between Atherosclerosis and Alzheimers Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Current Therapy and Computational Drug Designing Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases -with Focus on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Current Signal Transduction Therapy GABAA Receptor Subtype Selective Cognition Enhancers
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Essential Hypertension, Cerebral White Matter Pathology and Ischemic Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry Contemporary Risk Assessment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Posttranslational Modifications of Tau - Role in Human Tauopathies and Modeling in Transgenic Animals
Current Drug Targets Valproic Acid and Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidences
Current Neuropharmacology Risk Reduction and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Biological Mechanisms of Diet
Current Alzheimer Research Functional and Structural Alterations of Large Arteries: Methodological Issues
Current Pharmaceutical Design Age-Related Neurodegeneration Prevention Through mTOR Inhibition: Potential Mechanisms and Remaining Questions
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry