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Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5257
ISSN (Online): 1875-6182

Review Article

Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9): Impact of PCSK9 on Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events

Author(s): Muharrem Akin, Thomas Skripuletz, L. Christian Napp, Dominik Berliner, Ibrahim Akin, Arash Haghikia, Elvan Akin and Johann Bauersachs

Volume 14, Issue 2, 2016

Page: [94 - 100] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1871525714666160727113740

Price: $65

Abstract

Statins are the most widely prescribed drugs to reduce serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. LDL-C reduction is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Statins reduce LDL-C by 30 to 40%, and the combination with other lipid-lowering agents such as ezetimibe leads to a further reduction by 20 to 25%. However, even the combination of these two agents might not be sufficient in high risk patients to require aggressive LDL-C reduction. Therefore, starting from observations on individuals with loss-of-function in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which was associated with lower LDL-C levels and CVD rates, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCSK9 were developed. To date, two mAbs, alirocumab and evolocumab, have received approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In the present review we give an overview about pathophysiological and clinical aspects as well as evidence for these drugs with respect to cerebrovascular events.

Keywords: Alirocumab, evolocumab, LDL-cholesterol, PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, stroke.

Graphical Abstract

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