From Bone Marrow to Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair: A Review

Title:From Bone Marrow to Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair: A Review

Volume: 23 Issue: 23

Author(s): Dagmara Dilling-Boer, Jean-Luc Rummens, Paul Steels, Marcel Ameloot, Virginie Bito, Boris Robic, Nick Heuts, Eric Bijnens, Filip Hendrikx, Jos Vandekerkhof, Marc Hendrikx, Jasperina Dubois, Luc Jamaer, Remco Koninckx, Karen Hensen, Severina Windmolders, Jeroen Declercq, Annick Daniels, Leen Willems and Yanick Fanton

Affiliation:

Keywords: Cardiac stem cell, Differentiation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mapping, Migration, Mesenchymal stem cells, Myocardial infarction, Platelet derived growth factor.

Abstract: Traditionally the heart is considered a terminally differentiated organ. However, at the beginning of this century increased mitotic activity was reported in ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy hearts, compared to healthy controls, underscoring the potential of regeneration after injury. Due to the presence of adult stem cells in bone marrow and their purported ability to differentiate into other cell lineages, this cell population was soon estimated to be the most suited candidate for cardiac regeneration. Clinical trials with autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, using either an intracoronary or direct intramyocardial injection approach consistently showed only minor improvement in global left ventricular ejection fraction. This was explained by their limited cardiomyogenic differentiation potential. To obtain more convincing improvement in cardiac function, based on true myocardial regeneration, the focus of research has shifted towards resident cardiac progenitor cells. Several isolation procedures have been described: the c-kit surface marker was the first to be used, however experimental research has clearly shown that c-kit+ cells only marginally contribute to regeneration post myocardial infarction. Sphere formation was used to isolate the so-called cardiosphere derived cells (CDC), and also in this cell population cardiomyogenic differentiation is a rare event. Recently a new type of stem cells derived from atrial tissue (cardiac atrial stem cells – CASCs) was identified, based on the presence of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Those cells significantly improve both regional and global LV ejection fraction, based on substantial engraftment and consistent differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes (98%).

Cite this article as:

Dilling-Boer Dagmara, Rummens Jean-Luc, Steels Paul, Ameloot Marcel, Bito Virginie, Robic Boris, Heuts Nick, Bijnens Eric, Hendrikx Filip, Vandekerkhof Jos, Hendrikx Marc, Dubois Jasperina, Jamaer Luc, Koninckx Remco, Hensen Karen, Windmolders Severina, Declercq Jeroen, Daniels Annick, Willems Leen and Fanton Yanick, From Bone Marrow to Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair: A Review, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160525114735