Abstract
Objective: Increasing efforts are being made towards pharmacologic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in animals and humans for potential use in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. We and others have reported a number of animal studies using either experimental or therapeutic drugs. There are now efforts to translate these findings to human studies. The goal of this review is to evaluate the various drugs currently being used that have the potential for BAT activation.
Methods: Drugs were classified into 4 classes based on their mechanism of action. Class 1 drugs include the use of β3 adrenoceptor agonists for BAT activation. Class 2 drugs include drugs that affect norepinephrine levels and activate BAT with the potential of reducing obesity. Class 3 includes activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in pursuit of lowering blood sugar, weight loss and diabetes and finally Class 4 includes natural products and other emerging drugs with limited information on BAT activation and their effects on diabetes and weight loss.
Results: Class 1 drugs are high BAT activators followed by Class 2 and 3. Some of these drugs have now been extended to diabetes and obesity animal models and human BAT studies. Drugs in Class 3 are used clinically for Type 2 diabetes, but the extent of BAT involvement is unclear.
Conclusion: Further studies on the efficacy of these drugs in diabetes and measuring their effects on BAT activation using noninvasive imaging will help in establishing a clinical role of BAT.
Keywords: Brown fat, molecular imaging, diabetes, obesity, brown adipose tissue, BAT, PET.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title:Classification of Therapeutic and Experimental Drugs for Brown Adipose Tissue Activation: Potential Treatment Strategies for Diabetes and Obesity
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Jogeshwar Mukherjee, Aparna Baranwal and Kimberly N. Schade
Affiliation:
Keywords: Brown fat, molecular imaging, diabetes, obesity, brown adipose tissue, BAT, PET.
Abstract: Objective: Increasing efforts are being made towards pharmacologic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in animals and humans for potential use in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. We and others have reported a number of animal studies using either experimental or therapeutic drugs. There are now efforts to translate these findings to human studies. The goal of this review is to evaluate the various drugs currently being used that have the potential for BAT activation.
Methods: Drugs were classified into 4 classes based on their mechanism of action. Class 1 drugs include the use of β3 adrenoceptor agonists for BAT activation. Class 2 drugs include drugs that affect norepinephrine levels and activate BAT with the potential of reducing obesity. Class 3 includes activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in pursuit of lowering blood sugar, weight loss and diabetes and finally Class 4 includes natural products and other emerging drugs with limited information on BAT activation and their effects on diabetes and weight loss.
Results: Class 1 drugs are high BAT activators followed by Class 2 and 3. Some of these drugs have now been extended to diabetes and obesity animal models and human BAT studies. Drugs in Class 3 are used clinically for Type 2 diabetes, but the extent of BAT involvement is unclear.
Conclusion: Further studies on the efficacy of these drugs in diabetes and measuring their effects on BAT activation using noninvasive imaging will help in establishing a clinical role of BAT.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mukherjee Jogeshwar, Baranwal Aparna and Schade N. Kimberly, Classification of Therapeutic and Experimental Drugs for Brown Adipose Tissue Activation: Potential Treatment Strategies for Diabetes and Obesity, Current Diabetes Reviews 2016; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399812666160517115450
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399812666160517115450 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Biochemical Markers in the Prediction of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry Metabolomic Insight into Lipid and Protein Profile in Diabetes Using Mass Spectrometry
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Fighting Diabetes: Lessons from Xenotransplantation and Nanomedicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Procedural Excursion of Micro Needles for Drug Delivery Systems
Micro and Nanosystems Cardiac Imaging in Heart Failure with Comorbidities
Current Cardiology Reviews Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
Current Psychiatry Reviews Development and Characterization of Cassia grandis and Bixa orellana Nanoformulations
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: Effect of Statins on Rates of Long-Term Cardiovascular Events and Restenosis Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Dietary Factors Influencing Magnesium Absorption in Humans
Current Nutrition & Food Science Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Outcome: The Importance of Genetics
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Anti-Inflammatory Role of Fetuin-A in Injury and Infection
Current Molecular Medicine Monitoring Kidney Function in Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients Treated with <sup>90</sup>Y-DOTATOC: Associations with Risk Factors
Current Radiopharmaceuticals The Expanding Role of TNF-Receptor Super Family Member CD40 (tnfrsf5) in Autoimmune Disease: Focus on Th40 Cells
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Atherosclerosis, Degenerative Aortic Stenosis and Statins
Current Drug Targets Prediction of Disease Comorbidity Using HeteSim Scores based on Multiple Heterogeneous Networks
Current Gene Therapy Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions
Current Vascular Pharmacology An Overview of the Modulatory Effects of Oleic Acid in Health and Disease
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Putative Impact of Metabolic Health on Default Mode Network Activity and Functional Connectivity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Glycaemic Control: A Balancing Act or A Different Approach?
Current Diabetes Reviews Metabolism of HDL and its Regulation
Current Medicinal Chemistry