Abstract
Microcystins (MCYs) are cyanobacterial heptapeptides known for their high toxicity in eukaryotic cells and for their potential human health hazards. They are potent and specific inhibitors of type 1 and 2A, serine-threonine protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and as such, interfere with key cellular and metabolic events. Moreover, they induce oxidative stress involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Their cytoskeletal effects involve both mitotic and differentiated eukaryotic cells. The main objective of the present review is to summarize the most important cytoskeletal effects of MCY on human, animal and plant cells known to date and to give an insight into the cellular and molecular background of these alterations. Disruptions of microtubule (MTs), microfilament (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) organization have all been described, having consequences on cell shape, tissue integrity and functionality and mitotic division. Most of these subcellular changes are closely related to PP1 and PP2A inhibition and involve misfunctioning of cytoskeleton associated proteins. However, several cytoskeletal alterations are likely to be related to the induction of oxidative stress. MCY induced changes in MT, MF and IF assembly may have severe human health consequences. The main target of cyanotoxin in human/ animal cells is liver and cytoskeletal disruption alters structure and functioning of hepatocytes. However, many other cell types undergo alterations similar to those observed in hepatocytes. Both PP1/PP2A inhibition and ROS generation are involved and the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) seems to play a crucial role in the molecular events leading to cytoskeletal disruption.
Keywords: Intermediate filaments, microcystin, microfilaments, microtubules, oxidative stress, protein phosphatase.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:The Effects of Microcystins (Cyanobacterial Heptapeptides) on the Eukaryotic Cytoskeletal System
Volume: 16 Issue: 13
Author(s): Csaba Máthé, Dániel Beyer, Márta M-Hamvas and Gábor Vasas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Intermediate filaments, microcystin, microfilaments, microtubules, oxidative stress, protein phosphatase.
Abstract: Microcystins (MCYs) are cyanobacterial heptapeptides known for their high toxicity in eukaryotic cells and for their potential human health hazards. They are potent and specific inhibitors of type 1 and 2A, serine-threonine protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and as such, interfere with key cellular and metabolic events. Moreover, they induce oxidative stress involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Their cytoskeletal effects involve both mitotic and differentiated eukaryotic cells. The main objective of the present review is to summarize the most important cytoskeletal effects of MCY on human, animal and plant cells known to date and to give an insight into the cellular and molecular background of these alterations. Disruptions of microtubule (MTs), microfilament (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) organization have all been described, having consequences on cell shape, tissue integrity and functionality and mitotic division. Most of these subcellular changes are closely related to PP1 and PP2A inhibition and involve misfunctioning of cytoskeleton associated proteins. However, several cytoskeletal alterations are likely to be related to the induction of oxidative stress. MCY induced changes in MT, MF and IF assembly may have severe human health consequences. The main target of cyanotoxin in human/ animal cells is liver and cytoskeletal disruption alters structure and functioning of hepatocytes. However, many other cell types undergo alterations similar to those observed in hepatocytes. Both PP1/PP2A inhibition and ROS generation are involved and the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) seems to play a crucial role in the molecular events leading to cytoskeletal disruption.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Máthé Csaba, Beyer Dániel, M-Hamvas Márta and Vasas Gábor, The Effects of Microcystins (Cyanobacterial Heptapeptides) on the Eukaryotic Cytoskeletal System, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160219130732
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160219130732 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Control of Protein Synthesis in Malignant Transformation - the Role of eIF4E and the eIF4E Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Apoptosis
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) as a Pro-Apoptotic Signal Transducer with Cancer Therapeutic Potential
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chronic Inflammatory-Modulating Potential of <i>Cassia auriculata</i> with Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1beta and Its Anticancer Effect on Lung Cancer Cell Line
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists as Therapeutic Candidates: Are They Still an Interesting Challenge?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for DNA/RNA and their Potential Applications in Nanomedicine
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Epigenome As An Innovative Pharmacological Strategy For Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Clinical Cancer Drugs Hormone Responsive Breast Cancer and BRCA1 Mutation: Mechanism, Regulation and Iron-mediated Effects
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Inhibition of Apoptosis in Pediatric Cancer by Survivin
Current Pediatric Reviews Preclinical Evidence on the Anticancer Properties of Food Peptides
Protein & Peptide Letters Emergence of Functionalized Nanomedicines in Cancer Chemotherapy: Recent Advancements, Current Challenges and Toxicity Considerations
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Locked Nucleic Acid Holds Promise in the Treatment of Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands and their Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Classical and Innovative Insulin Sensitizing Drugs for the Prevention and Treatment of NAFLD
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Aspects of Natural and Modified Vinca Alkaloids
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Phosphonomethoxyalkyl Analogs of Nucleotides
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Maternal Serum Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Current Chemical Biology Natural Products Based Anticancer Agents
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Aging and Inflammation: Etiological Culprits of Cancer
Current Aging Science Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Melanoma: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Delivery of Targeted Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Leukaemia Infection Diagnosis and Intestinal Flora Disorder
Current Molecular Medicine