Abstract
The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection
Volume: 22 Issue: 7
Author(s): Ramón Cacabelos, Clara Torrellas, Lucía Fernández-Novoa and Gjumrakch Aliev
Affiliation:
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Abstract: The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cacabelos Ramón, Torrellas Clara, Fernández-Novoa Lucía and Aliev Gjumrakch, Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) in Regenerative Medicine: Molecular Mechanism for PPAR in Stem Cells’ Adipocyte Differentiation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Thermosensitive Polymeric Hydrogels As Drug Delivery Systems
Current Medicinal Chemistry Review on Documented Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Cancer
Current Traditional Medicine Kit: Molecule of Interest for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mastocytosis and other Neoplastic Disorders
Current Cancer Drug Targets Human Urotensin II Promotes Hypertension and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Immunomodulatory Potential of Selected Bioactive Plant-Based Compounds in Breast Cancer: A Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Erythropoietin in Cancer: An Update
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Trends in the Pharmacological Activity of Isoprenyl Phenolics
Current Medicinal Chemistry BCR-ABL Transcript Level as Compared to LDH and Uric Acid Among Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Patients
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Targeted Radionuclide Therapy - An Overview
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Fighting Tumor Cell Survival: Advances in the Design and Evaluation of Pim Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Natural Products As Antimitotic Agents
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Temporal Progression of Kainic Acid Induced Changes in Vascular Laminin Expression in Rat Brain with Neuronal and Glial Correlates
Current Neurovascular Research Clinical Pharmacology of Serotonin Receptor Type 3 (5-HT3) Antagonists
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Recent Progress and Related Patents on the Applications of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Therapies
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Involvement of MAPK Signalling in Human Villous Trophoblast Differentiation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeted Nanosystems for Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Current Perspectives on Cytokines for Anti-retroviral Therapy in AIDS Related B-cell Lymphomas
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders Neurodegeneration in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment: Glutamate in the Limelight
Current Neuropharmacology Transport Mechanism-Based Drug Molecular Design: Novel Camptothecin Analogues to Circumvent ABCG2-associated Drug Resistance of Human Tumor Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design