Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, debilitating disease of unknown etiology and a median survival from diagnosis of 3-5 years. Despite extensive research efforts, its etiology in humans still remains largely unknown, and no curative drug therapies are available. With a gradually increasing worldwide incidence, IPF still presents a major challenge in clinical research due to its appreciable heterogeneity among individual patients in disease course and the lack of easily reproducible surrogate markers for patient relevant outcomes. Currently clinicians and researchers apply a panel of functional, radiological and histopathological indices to stratify patients into distinct phenotypic patterns of disease progression. However, none of these indicators can reliably predict not only treatment responsiveness but more importantly disease behavior, thus allowing clinicians to promptly apply aggressive therapeutic approaches to prevent or ameliorate acute exacerbation. Furthermore, on the contrary to molecular biomarkers, physiologic prognosticators provide no insights into disease mechanism and thus are unlikely to identify distinct molecular phenotypes of the disease. In the dawn of the “fibromics” era the need for disease stratification based on molecular phenotypes and implementation of personalized medicine therapeutic approaches is still unmet. Molecular biomarkers lie in the core of personalized medicine and therefore represent the main focus of this review article. Limitations that hamper their widespread clinical applicability along with future perspectives on how to address these major caveats and launch IPF biomarkers to the same trajectory as to tumor biomarkers in oncology are also discussed.
Keywords: Biomarkers, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Alveolar epithelial cell injury, Immunity, Extracellular matrix.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Biomarkers in the Evaluation and Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Volume: 16 Issue: 14
Author(s): Argyris Tzouvelekis, Jose Herazo-Maya, Koji Sakamoto and Demosthenes Bouros
Affiliation:
Keywords: Biomarkers, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Alveolar epithelial cell injury, Immunity, Extracellular matrix.
Abstract: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, debilitating disease of unknown etiology and a median survival from diagnosis of 3-5 years. Despite extensive research efforts, its etiology in humans still remains largely unknown, and no curative drug therapies are available. With a gradually increasing worldwide incidence, IPF still presents a major challenge in clinical research due to its appreciable heterogeneity among individual patients in disease course and the lack of easily reproducible surrogate markers for patient relevant outcomes. Currently clinicians and researchers apply a panel of functional, radiological and histopathological indices to stratify patients into distinct phenotypic patterns of disease progression. However, none of these indicators can reliably predict not only treatment responsiveness but more importantly disease behavior, thus allowing clinicians to promptly apply aggressive therapeutic approaches to prevent or ameliorate acute exacerbation. Furthermore, on the contrary to molecular biomarkers, physiologic prognosticators provide no insights into disease mechanism and thus are unlikely to identify distinct molecular phenotypes of the disease. In the dawn of the “fibromics” era the need for disease stratification based on molecular phenotypes and implementation of personalized medicine therapeutic approaches is still unmet. Molecular biomarkers lie in the core of personalized medicine and therefore represent the main focus of this review article. Limitations that hamper their widespread clinical applicability along with future perspectives on how to address these major caveats and launch IPF biomarkers to the same trajectory as to tumor biomarkers in oncology are also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tzouvelekis Argyris, Herazo-Maya Jose, Sakamoto Koji and Bouros Demosthenes, Biomarkers in the Evaluation and Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666150930120959
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666150930120959 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Spontaneous Chest Abscess Caused by Salmonella Enterica subsp. Arizonae in the Desert Southwest; A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Prostacyclin, Atherothrombosis, and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ocular Complications of Drugs Used in Rheumatic Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Hyperoxia-induced Lung Injury by Downregulating Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Angiopoietin-2 Release
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular Risk, Inflammation and Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Green Tea from the Far East to the Drug Store: Focus on the Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacology of L-type Calcium Channels: Novel Drugs for Old Targets?
Current Molecular Pharmacology Leptin and the Regulation of Renal Sodium Handling and Renal Na+- Transporting ATPases: Role in the Pathogenesis of Arterial Hypertension
Current Cardiology Reviews Gestational Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome: Can Obesity and Small, Dense Low Density Lipoproteins be Key Mediators of this Association?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Impact of Active Antihyperglycemic Components as Herbal Therapy for Preventive Health Care Management of Diabetes
Current Molecular Medicine Current Reviews on Renal Vein Thrombosis in Neonates
Current Pediatric Reviews Potential Roles of MyomiRs in Cardiac Development and Related Diseases
Current Cardiology Reviews Inflammatory Mechanisms and Redox Status in Periodontal and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Effects of Adjunctive Nutritional Antioxidants and Statins
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Exploring the Evidence Implicating the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the Physiopathology of Mood Disorders
Protein & Peptide Letters Successful Applications of Computer Aided Drug Discovery: Moving Drugs from Concept to the Clinic
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Anthocyanins: Plant Pigments, Food Ingredients or Therapeutic Agents for the CNS? A Mini-Review Focused on Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Treatment of Hypertension Induced Albuminuria
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Inflammatory Treatments for Chronic Diseases: A Review
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Resistin: A Promising Therapeutic Target for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) A Model on the Induction of Adverse Vascular Long-Term Effects of NSAIDs
Medicinal Chemistry