Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe complex disabling disease that has impaired about 1% of the total population. It is widely recognized that schizophrenia is caused by the abnormal immune system. However, the current genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia did not identify any cytokine molecules except genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, suggesting that new strategies are needed to find out the effects of cytokines during the development of Schizophrenia. Recently, increasing evidences have found the comorbidity of schizophrenia with tuberculosis. To narrow down the scope of cytokines and reveal the core culprit, we first systematically review the common cytokines between these two diseases, followed by summarizing the core cytokines' interaction and modulation. The findings thus obtained may provide useful insights into the pathogeneses of both schizophrenia and tuberculosis from the angle of cytokines.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Modulation of Cytokine Network in the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Tuberculosis
Volume: 16 Issue: 6
Author(s): Lei Cai, Yu-Hong Yang, Lin He and Kuo-Chen Chou
Affiliation:
Keywords: CCL2, IL-10, IL-1β, Schizophrenia, TB, TNF-α.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe complex disabling disease that has impaired about 1% of the total population. It is widely recognized that schizophrenia is caused by the abnormal immune system. However, the current genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia did not identify any cytokine molecules except genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, suggesting that new strategies are needed to find out the effects of cytokines during the development of Schizophrenia. Recently, increasing evidences have found the comorbidity of schizophrenia with tuberculosis. To narrow down the scope of cytokines and reveal the core culprit, we first systematically review the common cytokines between these two diseases, followed by summarizing the core cytokines' interaction and modulation. The findings thus obtained may provide useful insights into the pathogeneses of both schizophrenia and tuberculosis from the angle of cytokines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cai Lei, Yang Yu-Hong, He Lin and Chou Kuo-Chen, Modulation of Cytokine Network in the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Tuberculosis, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819105033
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819105033 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives
Adaptogens are pharmacologically active compounds or plant extracts that are associated with the ability to enhance the body’s stability against stress. The intake of adaptogens is associated not only with a better ability to adapt to stress and maintain or normalise metabolic functions but also with better mental and physical ...read more
Addressing the Most Common Causes of Death with Niacin/NAD and Inositol Polyphosphates
The most common causes of death in the world are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. These are perhaps best addressed by reducing lipodystrophy and blockages with niacin and inositol polyphosphates (e.g., IP6+inositol) respectively when addressing CVD. Niacin serves as a vitamin by virtue of its role as a skeletal precursor ...read more
AlphaFold in Medicinal Chemistry: Opportunities and Challenges
AlphaFold, a groundbreaking AI tool for protein structure prediction, is revolutionizing drug discovery. Its near-atomic accuracy unlocks new avenues for designing targeted drugs and performing efficient virtual screening. However, AlphaFold's static predictions lack the dynamic nature of proteins, crucial for understanding drug action. This is especially true for multi-domain proteins, ...read more
Artificial intelligence for Natural Products Discovery and Development
Our approach involves using computational methods to predict the potential therapeutic benefits of natural products by considering factors such as drug structure, targets, and interactions. We also employ multitarget analysis to understand the role of drug targets in disease pathways. We advocate for the use of artificial intelligence in predicting ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Calix[n]arenes as Goldmines for the Development of Chemical Entities of Pharmaceutical Interest
Current Pharmaceutical Design Radiolabelled Peptides and Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapy Decision Making in Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Why is the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Increasing?
Current Diabetes Reviews Antimicrobial Activity of 5-membered Nitroheteroaromatic Compounds beyond Nitrofurans and Nitroimidazoles: Recent Progress
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antituberculosis Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Design, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Some New Pyridazine Derivatives: Bis-pyridazine. Part IV<sup>12-14</sup>
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combining Immunochromatographic Strip for Point-of-care Detection of Flavobacterium columnare
Current Analytical Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Pediatric Diseases)
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Novel Spray Dried Andrographolide Loaded Scleroglucan Based Formulation for Dry Powder Inhaler
Current Drug Delivery Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic and Protective Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pharmaceutical Agents and Current Vaccines Against COVID-19
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Ectopic Thyroid Gland: Description of a Case and Review of the Literature
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Biologic Agents for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Lipids as Biomarkers of Cancer and Bacterial Infections
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hybrids of Benzimidazole-oxadiazole: A New Avenue for Synthesis, Pharmacological Activity and Recent Patents for the Development of More Effective Ligands
Current Organic Synthesis Editorial (Mucosal Co-Infections and HIV-1 Transmission and Pathogenesis)
Current HIV Research Lipid Nanocarriers and Molecular Targets for Malaria Chemotherapy
Current Drug Targets Rapid Nucleic Acid Reaction Circuits for Point-of-care Diagnosis of Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Medicinal Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products from the Antarctic and Arctic Organisms
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry