Abstract
Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nitric oxide-derivative. However, over the past six years a number of interesting studies have reported direct in vivo and in vitro evidence that, at nanomolar-low micromolar concentrations, peroxynitrite is actively involved in triggering cellular survival signals. Most such evidence came from studies demonstrating protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuronal apoptosis. Although full elucidation of the precise mechanism responsible for such protection still requires further research, peroxynitrite has been shown to promote the nitration and / or phosphorylation of regulatory sites at tyrosine kinase receptors coupled to well-known antiapoptotic pathways, such as those involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase / Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, peroxynitrite-mediated transient protection of neurons against apoptotic death is associated with rapid stimulation of glucose metabolism and glutathione regeneration. In view of the potential cytoprotective function of peroxynitrite, further studies specifically focused on elucidating the possible therapeutic potential of peroxynitrite are sure to appear.
Keywords: peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, neuroprotection, glutathione, tyrosine kinase receptor, pi-3-k, akt
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Provoking Neuroprotection by Peroxynitrite
Volume: 10 Issue: 8
Author(s): Juan P. Bolanos, Paula Garcia-Nogales and Angeles Almeida
Affiliation:
Keywords: peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, neuroprotection, glutathione, tyrosine kinase receptor, pi-3-k, akt
Abstract: Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nitric oxide-derivative. However, over the past six years a number of interesting studies have reported direct in vivo and in vitro evidence that, at nanomolar-low micromolar concentrations, peroxynitrite is actively involved in triggering cellular survival signals. Most such evidence came from studies demonstrating protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuronal apoptosis. Although full elucidation of the precise mechanism responsible for such protection still requires further research, peroxynitrite has been shown to promote the nitration and / or phosphorylation of regulatory sites at tyrosine kinase receptors coupled to well-known antiapoptotic pathways, such as those involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase / Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, peroxynitrite-mediated transient protection of neurons against apoptotic death is associated with rapid stimulation of glucose metabolism and glutathione regeneration. In view of the potential cytoprotective function of peroxynitrite, further studies specifically focused on elucidating the possible therapeutic potential of peroxynitrite are sure to appear.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bolanos P. Juan, Garcia-Nogales Paula and Almeida Angeles, Provoking Neuroprotection by Peroxynitrite, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452910
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452910 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Novel Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-018 Provides Cardioprotection by Preserving Mitochondrial Function Through the MEF2D/PGC-1α Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Innovative Strategies in In Vivo Apoptosis Imaging
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cardiac Gene Therapy: Therapeutic Potential and Current Progress
Current Gene Therapy Ginkgo biloba Extract in Vascular Protection: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inflammation and Coagulation in Urticaria and Angioedema
Current Vascular Pharmacology Platelet Activation Polymorphisms in Ischemia
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Conventional Therapy to Nanotechnology
Current Pharmaceutical Design NHE-1: A Promising Target for Novel Anti-cancer Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Orthostatic Hypotension: Evaluation and Treatment
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Vitamin D in Acute Kidney Injury
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Autophagy Dysfunction and its Link to Alzheimer’s Disease and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity: a Cardiac Stem Cell Disease?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Triggers and Anatomical Substrates in the Genesis and Perpetuation of Atrial Fibrillation
Current Cardiology Reviews Molecular Understanding of the Cardiomodulation in Myocardial Infarction and the Mechanism of Vitamin E Protections
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutical Approaches of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulator
Current Pharmaceutical Design Acute Actions of Natriuretic Peptides in Coronary Vasculature and Ischaemic Myocardium
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cilostazol: A New Drug in the Treatment Intermittent Claudication
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Investigational Selective Melatoninergic Ligands for Receptor Subtype MT2
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Isolated Perioperative Hypertension: Clinical Implications & Contemporary Treatment Strategies
Current Hypertension Reviews Human Milk has Anti-Oxidant Properties to Protect Premature Infants
Current Pediatric Reviews