Abstract
Extensive evidences has shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on several diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and ischemic stroke, etc. Several studies also have reported its beneficial role on motor activity and cognitive functions. This species contain a unique class of diterpenes, namely Ginkgolide B, which possess several pharmacological activities such as protective effect against cardiovascular disease; the most important causes of death worldwide. The promising effects of Ginkgolide B on stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are suggested by an overwhelming body of scientific evidences. Many studies have shown that the increase of sirt1 expression, the suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-kB, the up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1, erythropoietin secretion and anti-apoptotic protein expression, the inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression, and the improvement of endothelial NO synthesis are the main molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of Ginkgolide B on ischemic stroke. In this review, all the available data on the chemistry, mechanisms of neuroprotection and clinical impacts of Ginkgolide B are critically discussed.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgo biloba, Inflammation, Ischemic stroke, Neuroprotection.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgolide B Against Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Current Literature
Volume: 15 Issue: 21
Author(s): Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Solomon Habtemariam, Maria Daglia, Nady Braidy, Monica Rosa Loizzo, Rosa Tundis and Seyed Fazel Nabavi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antioxidant, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgo biloba, Inflammation, Ischemic stroke, Neuroprotection.
Abstract: Extensive evidences has shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on several diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and ischemic stroke, etc. Several studies also have reported its beneficial role on motor activity and cognitive functions. This species contain a unique class of diterpenes, namely Ginkgolide B, which possess several pharmacological activities such as protective effect against cardiovascular disease; the most important causes of death worldwide. The promising effects of Ginkgolide B on stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are suggested by an overwhelming body of scientific evidences. Many studies have shown that the increase of sirt1 expression, the suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-kB, the up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1, erythropoietin secretion and anti-apoptotic protein expression, the inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression, and the improvement of endothelial NO synthesis are the main molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of Ginkgolide B on ischemic stroke. In this review, all the available data on the chemistry, mechanisms of neuroprotection and clinical impacts of Ginkgolide B are critically discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nabavi Mohammad Seyed, Habtemariam Solomon, Daglia Maria, Braidy Nady, Loizzo Rosa Monica, Tundis Rosa and Nabavi Fazel Seyed, Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgolide B Against Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Current Literature, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 15 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150610142647
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150610142647 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pneumococcal Infections at Hajj: Current Knowledge Gaps
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets The Entirely Subcutaneous Defibrillator (S-Icd): State of the Art and Selection of the Ideal Candidate
Current Cardiology Reviews Recent Developments in Antithrombotic Therapy: Will Sodium Warfarin Be a Drug of the Past?
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery 3rd Generation of Cephalosporins and Monobactam Resistant Among Pathogenic Bacteria Collected from Ilam Hospitals During 2008 to 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Anti-Pathogenic Efficacy and Molecular Targets of a Polyherbal Wound- Care Formulation (Herboheal) Against Staphylococcus aureus
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Novel Cyclic Lipopeptides Against Staphylococcal Biofilms
Protein & Peptide Letters Pneumonia Caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Current Developments in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies for Q Fever: Glimpses of Patent Analysis
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design β-Lactams in the New Millennium. Part-II: Cephems, Oxacephems, Penams and Sulbactam
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Magnetite Nanoshuttles for Fighting Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Recent Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 'Mucormycosis': A Fungal Infection Threatening India During COVID-19' - A Review
Anti-Infective Agents Editorial: “Ah, Wherefore with Infection Should he Live?”: Microbial Virulence Factors in Diabetic Foot Ulceration
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Review of Selected Adult Congenital Heart Diseases Encountered in Daily Practice
Current Cardiology Reviews Levosimendan: A New Inodilatory Drug for the Treatment of Decompensated Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Human Heart Failure: A Proteomics Perspective
Current Proteomics Structural Insights into Chitinolytic Enzymes and Inhibition Mechanisms of Selective Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Adult Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome: A Medical Update after Dana Point Part III: Specific Management and Surgical Aspects
Current Cardiology Reviews Chemical Countermeasures for the Control of Bacterial Biofilms: Effective Compounds and Promising Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?
Current Cardiology Reviews