Abstract
Estrogen receptors mediate numerous favorable effects on cells and molecules implicated in vascular inflammation and atherogenic process. However, harmful effects have also been suggested. Actually, premenopausal women have a significantly lower risk for cardiovascular disease compared to postmenopausal women or age matched males while the incidence of cardiovascular disease is greater in postmenopausal than premenopausal women of the same age. The balance between the expression of ER subtypes may play an important role in the paradoxical characterization of estrogens as both beneficial and harmful. The activation of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 appears to be of great potential as therapeutic target in coronary heart disease, though the signaling mechanisms mediated GPR30 function still have not fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of each estrogen receptor subtype in mediating the direct estrogen actions on different cellular components that participate in the atherosclerotic inflammatory process. We hope this knowledge will shed some light on the cause of the paradoxical characterization of estrogens as both beneficial and harmful, and advance the research in the development of specific ERagonists/ antagonists with improved benefit/risk ratio.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, endothelial cells, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, GPR-30, vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: The Role of Estrogen Receptors
Volume: 22 Issue: 22
Author(s): Eva Kassi, Eliana Spilioti, Narjes Nasiri-Ansari, Christos Adamopoulos, Paraskevi Moutsatsou, Aggeliki Papapanagiotou, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis and Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, endothelial cells, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, GPR-30, vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells.
Abstract: Estrogen receptors mediate numerous favorable effects on cells and molecules implicated in vascular inflammation and atherogenic process. However, harmful effects have also been suggested. Actually, premenopausal women have a significantly lower risk for cardiovascular disease compared to postmenopausal women or age matched males while the incidence of cardiovascular disease is greater in postmenopausal than premenopausal women of the same age. The balance between the expression of ER subtypes may play an important role in the paradoxical characterization of estrogens as both beneficial and harmful. The activation of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 appears to be of great potential as therapeutic target in coronary heart disease, though the signaling mechanisms mediated GPR30 function still have not fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of each estrogen receptor subtype in mediating the direct estrogen actions on different cellular components that participate in the atherosclerotic inflammatory process. We hope this knowledge will shed some light on the cause of the paradoxical characterization of estrogens as both beneficial and harmful, and advance the research in the development of specific ERagonists/ antagonists with improved benefit/risk ratio.
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Kassi Eva, Spilioti Eliana, Nasiri-Ansari Narjes, Adamopoulos Christos, Moutsatsou Paraskevi, Papapanagiotou Aggeliki, Siasos Gerasimos, Tousoulis Dimitris and G. Papavassiliou Athanasios, Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: The Role of Estrogen Receptors, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 22 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666150608093607
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666150608093607 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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