Abstract
Objective: It is our aim to elaborate on the new developments in regard to the respiratory subtype (RS) of panic disorder (PD) since it was first described. We will present psychopathological features, diagnostic criteria, genetic and physiopathological hypotheses, as well as therapeutic and prognostic characteristics.
Method: Two searches were performed in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge (http://wokinfo.com/): 1 - search terms: “panic disorder” AND (“respiratory symptom” OR “respiratory symptoms” OR “respiratory subtype” OR “respiratory panic” OR “cardiorespiratory”); 2 - all articles citing Briggs and colleagues’ 1993 article “Subtyping of Panic Disorder by Symptom Profile” (Br J Psychiatry 1993;163: 201-9). Only those articles involving human subjects and written English were included.
Results: In comparison with patients of the non-respiratory subtype (NRS), RS patients showed greater familial history of PD, and higher comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. These patients were also more sensitive to CO2, hyperventilation and caffeine.
Conclusion: Certain characteristics, such as heightened sensitivity to CO2 and the higher incidence of a family history of PD, clearly distinguished the Respiratory Subtype patients from the Non-Respiratory. Nonetheless, some studies failed to demonstrate differential responses to pharmacological treatment and CBT across the subtypes. RS patients seem to respond faster than NRS to pharmacological treatment with antidepressants and benzodiazepines, but more studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Keywords: Caffeine, comorbidity, dyspnea, hypercapnia, hyperventilation, nocturnal panic attacks, respiration, respiratory tract diseases.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Laboratory, Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Respiratory Panic Disorder Subtype
Volume: 14 Issue: 5
Author(s): Morena M. Zugliani, Rafael C. Freire, Giampaolo Perna, Jose A. Crippa and Antonio E. Nardi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Caffeine, comorbidity, dyspnea, hypercapnia, hyperventilation, nocturnal panic attacks, respiration, respiratory tract diseases.
Abstract: Objective: It is our aim to elaborate on the new developments in regard to the respiratory subtype (RS) of panic disorder (PD) since it was first described. We will present psychopathological features, diagnostic criteria, genetic and physiopathological hypotheses, as well as therapeutic and prognostic characteristics.
Method: Two searches were performed in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge (http://wokinfo.com/): 1 - search terms: “panic disorder” AND (“respiratory symptom” OR “respiratory symptoms” OR “respiratory subtype” OR “respiratory panic” OR “cardiorespiratory”); 2 - all articles citing Briggs and colleagues’ 1993 article “Subtyping of Panic Disorder by Symptom Profile” (Br J Psychiatry 1993;163: 201-9). Only those articles involving human subjects and written English were included.
Results: In comparison with patients of the non-respiratory subtype (NRS), RS patients showed greater familial history of PD, and higher comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. These patients were also more sensitive to CO2, hyperventilation and caffeine.
Conclusion: Certain characteristics, such as heightened sensitivity to CO2 and the higher incidence of a family history of PD, clearly distinguished the Respiratory Subtype patients from the Non-Respiratory. Nonetheless, some studies failed to demonstrate differential responses to pharmacological treatment and CBT across the subtypes. RS patients seem to respond faster than NRS to pharmacological treatment with antidepressants and benzodiazepines, but more studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Zugliani Morena, C. Freire Rafael, Perna Giampaolo, A. Crippa Jose and E. Nardi Antonio, Laboratory, Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Respiratory Panic Disorder Subtype, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2015; 14 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527314666150430163142
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527314666150430163142 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Urinary Steroids Measured by Modern Separation Techniques and Applied as Biomarkers in Stress Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Synthesis and Pharmacological Profile of an Orally-Active Growth Hormone Secretagogue, SM-130686
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Foreword
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bedtime Hypertension Chronotherapy: Concepts and Patient Outcomes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Aging, Mitochondria and Male Reproductive Function
Current Aging Science Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents and Adults through the Transcendental Meditation® Program: A Research Review Update
Current Hypertension Reviews Is the Cerebellum Involved in the Nervous Control of the Immune System Function?
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: Endocrine Disorders and Cognitive Function in the Elderly)
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Pharmacogenomics of Nicotine Dependence and Impact on Smoking Cessation
Current Pharmacogenomics Oligomerization of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Biochemical and Biophysical Methods
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Approaches to the Pharmacotherapy of Obesity
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Infectious Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Safety of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate Therapy for Pediatric Asthma - A Systematic Review
Current Drug Safety Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Aging: Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Definition of Genes and Paths Involved in Alzheimers Disease: Using Gene Expression Profiles and Chemical Genetics at the Mouse Brain Level
Current Genomics Emerging Technologies for Fertility Preservation in Female Patients
Current Women`s Health Reviews Novel Treatment Options of Binge Eating Disorder
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Hormetic Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Free Radical-Related Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Food Addiction Spectrum: A Theoretical Model from Normality to Eating and Overeating Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry