Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPD) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, which belongs to the phenethylamine group and is mainly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). However, a growing number of young individuals misuse or abuse MPD to sustain attention, enhance intellectual capacity and increase memory. Recently, the use of MPD as a cognitive enhancement substance has received much attention and raised concerns in the literature and academic circles worldwide. The prescribing frequency of the drug has increased sharply as consequence of the more accurate diagnosis of the ADHD and the popularity of the drug itself due to its beneficial short-term effect. However, careful monitoring is required, because of possible abuse.
In this review different aspects concerning the use of MPD have been approached. Data showing its abuse among college students are given, when the drug is prescribed short term beneficial effects and side effects are provided; moreover studies on animal-models suggesting long lasting negative effects on healthy brains are discussed. Finally, emphasis is given to the available formulations and pharmacology.
Keywords: Abuse, ADHD, cognitive enhancement, long-term effects, methylphenidate.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers
It offers a comprehensive exploration of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective pathways that play central roles in a range of neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This issue invites research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neuroinflammation, such as the roles of ...read more
Advances in paediatric and adult brain cancers: emerging targets and treatments
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors affecting children and adolescents, with up to 5,000 children diagnosed per year. Pediatric brain tumors, because of their location, are often untreatable and their clinical management can cause significant long-term impairment to intellectual and neurological function with epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Other than ...read more
Emotion (Dys)regulation: An integration of Pharmacological, Neurobiological, and Psychological Frameworks
Emotion regulation is a critical aspect of mental well-being and interpersonal relationships. To fully understand and effectively address emotion regulation, an integrative approach that considers pharmacological, neurobiological, and psychological frameworks is essential. Pharmacological interventions, such as medications targeting neurotransmitter imbalances, can play a significant role in managing emotional dysregulation. Understanding ...read more
Intercellular Communications in Cerebral Ischemia
Cerebral ischemia, a condition in which there is inadequate blood supply to the brain, ranks as one of the leading causes of disability and mortality globally. Despite its prevalence and severity, efficacious treatment options for this debilitating disorder remain limited. Recent scientific explorations have delved deeply into the pathological mechanisms ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Current Drug Therapy
Related Books
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research-Dementia
Anthocyanins: Pharmacology and Nutraceutical Importance
The Roles and Responsibilities of Clinical Pharmacists in Hospital Settings
Interventional Pain Surgery
Endoscopy and Fetoscopy Techniques for the Brain and Neuroaxis
Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention
Regenerative Medicine & Peripheral Nerve Endoscopy
Advances in Diagnostics and Immunotherapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
101
13
1