Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
Keywords: Bipolar disorder, mitochondria, mood stabiliser, oxidative stress, neuroprogression.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy
Volume: 15 Issue: 5
Author(s): Edward Callaly, Ken Walder, Gerwyn Morris, Michael Maes, Monojit Debnath and Michael Berk
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bipolar disorder, mitochondria, mood stabiliser, oxidative stress, neuroprogression.
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Callaly Edward, Walder Ken, Morris Gerwyn, Maes Michael, Debnath Monojit and Berk Michael, Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 15 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150324122026
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150324122026 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Surgical Ventricular Restoration: An Operation To Reverse Remodeling - The Basic Science (Part I)
Current Cardiology Reviews Medicinal Agents in the Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Modulators and Cardiac Arrhythmias: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of the Chemokines in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion
Current Vascular Pharmacology Perioperative Management of Patients with Down Syndrome
Current Pediatric Reviews Prognosis and Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias Following Myocardial Infarction
Current Cardiology Reviews Lipid-Lowering Drugs Acting at the Level of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Current Pharmaceutical Design BK Channel Modulators: A Comprehensive Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Complex Inheritance for Susceptibility to Sudden Cardiac Death
Current Pharmaceutical Design Application of Mitochondria-Targeted Pharmaceuticals for the Treatment of Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mast Cells and Inflammatory Heart Disease: Potential Drug Targets
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Towards a Pathophysiology-Based Classification
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Why is the Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Effective for Preventing Cardiac Events in Patients with Coronary Risk Factors or Coronary Artery Disease?
Current Cardiology Reviews Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Oxidative Stress: Role of Antioxidants
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Enhances Liver Tolerance to Ischemia/Reperfusion
Current Medicinal Chemistry Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Lifestyle Changes among ACS Survivors in Arabian Gulf Countries (Gulf COAST Registry)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pharmacological and Non Pharmacological Strategies in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Therapeutic Challenges in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Symbiosis Versus Dysbiosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry