Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be reflective of the early stages of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The hypothesis was that cytokeratin (CK) 14 expression can be used as a biomarker in isolated buccal mucosa to identify individuals with MCI or AD from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) flagship study of aging. Visual assessment of buccal cell CK14 expression was carried out using immunofluorescence techniques. The frequency of basal buccal cells expressing CK14 was significantly lower in the MCI (P=0.0002) and AD (P<0.05) groups compared with the control group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were carried out for CK14 expression and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 for the MCI (P<0.0001) group and 0.772 for the AD (P=0.004) group. When the CK14 expression data were combined with plasma homocysteine concentration, the AUC was further improved to 0.932 and 0.788 for the MCI (P=0.0001) and AD (P=0.004) groups, respectively. APOE ε4 carriers in the control group had 21% lower CK14 expression compared with control non APOE ε4 carriers, however this difference was not statistically significant. The changes in the buccal cell CK14 expression observed in this pilot study could prove useful as a potential biomarker in identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing MCI and eventually AD. These promising results need to be replicated in a larger subset of the AIBL cohort and in cohorts of other neurodegenerative disorders to determine changes specific to AD.
Keywords: AIBL, Alzheimer’s disease, Buccal cells, cytokeratin, homocysteine, immunofluorescence.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Buccal Cell Cytokeratin 14 Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’ s Disease in the AIBL Study of Aging
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Wayne R. Leifert, Jannatul Ferdoush Tuli, Maxime Francois, Tori Nguyen, Alan Rembach, Rebecca L. Rumble, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Ralph Martins, Michael F. Fenech and The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study Research Group
Affiliation:
Keywords: AIBL, Alzheimer’s disease, Buccal cells, cytokeratin, homocysteine, immunofluorescence.
Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be reflective of the early stages of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The hypothesis was that cytokeratin (CK) 14 expression can be used as a biomarker in isolated buccal mucosa to identify individuals with MCI or AD from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) flagship study of aging. Visual assessment of buccal cell CK14 expression was carried out using immunofluorescence techniques. The frequency of basal buccal cells expressing CK14 was significantly lower in the MCI (P=0.0002) and AD (P<0.05) groups compared with the control group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were carried out for CK14 expression and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 for the MCI (P<0.0001) group and 0.772 for the AD (P=0.004) group. When the CK14 expression data were combined with plasma homocysteine concentration, the AUC was further improved to 0.932 and 0.788 for the MCI (P=0.0001) and AD (P=0.004) groups, respectively. APOE ε4 carriers in the control group had 21% lower CK14 expression compared with control non APOE ε4 carriers, however this difference was not statistically significant. The changes in the buccal cell CK14 expression observed in this pilot study could prove useful as a potential biomarker in identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing MCI and eventually AD. These promising results need to be replicated in a larger subset of the AIBL cohort and in cohorts of other neurodegenerative disorders to determine changes specific to AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
R. Leifert Wayne, Ferdoush Tuli Jannatul, Francois Maxime, Nguyen Tori, Rembach Alan, L. Rumble Rebecca, Rainey-Smith Stephanie, Martins Ralph, F. Fenech Michael and The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study Research Group , Buccal Cell Cytokeratin 14 Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’ s Disease in the AIBL Study of Aging, Current Alzheimer Research 2015; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150302154650
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150302154650 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sub-Chronic Exposure of Non-Observable Adverse Effect Dose of Terbufos Sulfone: Neuroinflammation in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Neurological Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Aqueous Extract of <i>Cola nitida</i> and <i>Garcinia kola</i> Synergistically Enhances Hippocampal-hypothalamic Glutamate and Na+ /K+ -ATPase Activity in Male Wistar Rats
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Comparison of Various Types of Ligand Decorated Nanoliposomes for their Ability to Inhibit Amyloid Aggregation and to Reverse Amyloid Cytotoxicity
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Glia as a Turning Point in the Therapeutic Strategy of Parkinsons Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Commentary (Research Highlights: Wnt-Signalling: A New Direction for Alzheimer Disease?)
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Applying Knowledge of Enzyme Biochemistry to the Prediction of Functional Sites for Aiding Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models in Mitochondrial Diseases
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Assessing Glutamatergic Function and Dysfunction in Peripheral Tissues
Current Medicinal Chemistry Oxidative Stress Protection by Novel Telomerase Activators in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Healthy and Diseased Individuals
Current Molecular Medicine Human Lipoxygenase: Developments in its Structure, Function, Relevance to Diseases and Challenges in Drug Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inhibition of Opioid Receptor Mediated G-Protein Activity After Chronic Administration of Kynurenic Acid and its Derivative without Direct Binding to Opioid Receptors
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Docosahexaenoic Acid-Containing Phospholipids and Triglycerides Based Nutritional Supplements
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutics for Pain and Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury
Current Molecular Pharmacology Melatonin as Antioxidant Under Pathological Processes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Editorial (Thematic Issue: Managing Strategies for Diverse Diseases: Challenges from Bench to Bedside Translation in Successful Drug Discovery and Development (Part B))
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondrial Targeting for Development of Novel Drug Strategies in Brain Injury
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry