Abstract
Flavonoids are well known as antibacterial agents against a wide range of pathogenic microorganism. With increasing prevalence of untreatable infections induced by antibiotic resistance bacteria, flavonoids have attracted much interest because of the potential to be substitutes for antibiotics. In this review, the structure-relationship of flavonoids as antibacterial agents is summarized, and the recent advancements on the antibacterial mechanisms of flavonoids are also discussed. It is concluded that hydroxyls at special sites on the aromatic rings of flavonoids improve the activity. However, the methylation of the active hydroxyl groups generally decreases the activity. Besides, the lipopholicity of the ring A is vital for the activity of chalcones. The hydrophobic substituents such as prenyl groups, alkylamino chains, alkyl chains, and nitrogen or oxygen containing heterocyclic moieties usually enhance the activity for all the flavonoids. The proposed antibacterial mechanisms of flavonoids are as follows: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane function, inhibition of energy metabolism, inhibition of the attachment and biofilm formation, inhibition of the porin on the cell membrane, alteration of the membrane permeability, and attenuation of the pathogenicity.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, flavonoids, mechanism, structure-relationship.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism
Volume: 22 Issue: 1
Author(s): Yixi Xie, Weijie Yang, Fen Tang, Xiaoqing Chen and Licheng Ren
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, flavonoids, mechanism, structure-relationship.
Abstract: Flavonoids are well known as antibacterial agents against a wide range of pathogenic microorganism. With increasing prevalence of untreatable infections induced by antibiotic resistance bacteria, flavonoids have attracted much interest because of the potential to be substitutes for antibiotics. In this review, the structure-relationship of flavonoids as antibacterial agents is summarized, and the recent advancements on the antibacterial mechanisms of flavonoids are also discussed. It is concluded that hydroxyls at special sites on the aromatic rings of flavonoids improve the activity. However, the methylation of the active hydroxyl groups generally decreases the activity. Besides, the lipopholicity of the ring A is vital for the activity of chalcones. The hydrophobic substituents such as prenyl groups, alkylamino chains, alkyl chains, and nitrogen or oxygen containing heterocyclic moieties usually enhance the activity for all the flavonoids. The proposed antibacterial mechanisms of flavonoids are as follows: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane function, inhibition of energy metabolism, inhibition of the attachment and biofilm formation, inhibition of the porin on the cell membrane, alteration of the membrane permeability, and attenuation of the pathogenicity.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Xie Yixi, Yang Weijie, Tang Fen, Chen Xiaoqing and Ren Licheng, Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 22 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Genetics and Genomics of Hepatic Acute Phase Reactants: A Mini-Review
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Control of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer by Synthetic Vitamin D Receptor Ligands
Current Medicinal Chemistry Electronegative LDL: An Active Player in Atherogenesis or a By- Product of Atherosclerosis?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Intake in HIV-Infected Men with Lipodystrophy: Relationships with Body Composition, Visceral Fat, Lipid, Glucose and Adipokine Metabolism
Current HIV Research Editorial (Thematic Issue: Immunophilins, Protein Chemistry and Cell Biology of a Promising New Class of Drug Targets – Part I)
Current Molecular Pharmacology Why Do Mothers Die? The Silent Tragedy of Maternal Mortality
Current Women`s Health Reviews Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Old and New Susceptibility Genes versus Clinical Manifestations
Current Genomics Carotenoids of Microalgae Used in Food Industry and Medicine
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Natural Products Towards the Discovery of Potential Future Antithrombotic Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antiviral Herbs - Present and Future
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferitrin in Medicine for the Treatment of Human Disorders: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Health Benefits
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Dietary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress from a Human and Plant Perspective: A Review
Current Nutrition & Food Science NK-1 Receptor Antagonists: A New Paradigm in Pharmacological Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rationale of Statin Therapy in Septic Patients
Current Vascular Pharmacology Lipodystrophy, Insulin Resistance, and Adiponectin Concentration in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents
Current HIV Research Glycaemic Control: A Balancing Act or A Different Approach?
Current Diabetes Reviews Sevelamer Carbonate Markedly Reduces Levothyroxine Absorption
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Curcumin and Endothelial Function: Evidence and Mechanisms of Protective Effects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drugs of Abuse in Pregnancy, Poor Neonatal Development, and Future Neurodegeneration. Is Oxidative Stress the Culprit?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Significance of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Containing Compounds in New Drug Development
Current Drug Research Reviews