Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are best known for their spontaneous beating activity, large cell size, and low regenerative capacity during adulthood. The mechanical activity of cardiomyocytes depends on a sophisticated contractile apparatus comprised of sarcomeres whose rhythmic contraction relies on Ca2+ transients with a high level of energy consumption. Hence the proper folding and assembly of the sarcomeric and other accessory proteins involved in those diverse functions (i.e., structural, mechanical, energy exchange and production) is critical for muscle mechanics. Chaperone proteins assist other polypeptides to reach their proper conformation, activity and/or location. Consequently, chaperone-like functions are important for the healthy heart but assume greater relevance during cardiac diseases when such chaperone proteins are recruited: 1) to protect cardiac cells against adverse effects during the pathological transition, and 2) to mitigate certain pathogenic mechanisms per se. Protein misfolding is observed as a consequence of inappropriate intracellular environment with acquired conditions (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion and redox imbalance) or because of mutations, which can modify primary to quaternary protein structures. In this review, we discuss the importance of cardiac chaperones while emphasizing the genetic origin (modification of gene/protein sequence) of cardiac protein misfolding and their consequences on the cardiomyocytes leading to organ dysfunction and failure.
Keywords: Aggregates, amyloid, cardiomyocyte, heat shock factor, heat shock proteins, homeostasis, mouse models, mutation.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Chaperones and Cardiac Misfolding Protein Diseases
Volume: 15 Issue: 3
Author(s): Elisabeth S. Christians, Soumyajit B. Mustafi and Ivor J. Benjamin
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aggregates, amyloid, cardiomyocyte, heat shock factor, heat shock proteins, homeostasis, mouse models, mutation.
Abstract: Cardiomyocytes are best known for their spontaneous beating activity, large cell size, and low regenerative capacity during adulthood. The mechanical activity of cardiomyocytes depends on a sophisticated contractile apparatus comprised of sarcomeres whose rhythmic contraction relies on Ca2+ transients with a high level of energy consumption. Hence the proper folding and assembly of the sarcomeric and other accessory proteins involved in those diverse functions (i.e., structural, mechanical, energy exchange and production) is critical for muscle mechanics. Chaperone proteins assist other polypeptides to reach their proper conformation, activity and/or location. Consequently, chaperone-like functions are important for the healthy heart but assume greater relevance during cardiac diseases when such chaperone proteins are recruited: 1) to protect cardiac cells against adverse effects during the pathological transition, and 2) to mitigate certain pathogenic mechanisms per se. Protein misfolding is observed as a consequence of inappropriate intracellular environment with acquired conditions (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion and redox imbalance) or because of mutations, which can modify primary to quaternary protein structures. In this review, we discuss the importance of cardiac chaperones while emphasizing the genetic origin (modification of gene/protein sequence) of cardiac protein misfolding and their consequences on the cardiomyocytes leading to organ dysfunction and failure.
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Cite this article as:
S. Christians Elisabeth, B. Mustafi Soumyajit and J. Benjamin Ivor, Chaperones and Cardiac Misfolding Protein Diseases, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2014; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140331111518
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140331111518 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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