Abstract
Mitochondria are sub-cellular organelles responsible for producing the majority of cellular energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have a unique genetic system, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is a small, self-replicating and diverse genome. In the past 30 years, mtDNA has made significant contribution to molecular ecology and phylogeography. Mitochondria also represent a unique system of mitochondrial–nuclear genomic cooperation. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction can be fatal. In this paper, we review several aspects of mitochondria, including evolution and the origin of mitochondria, energy supply and the central role of mitochondria in apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is shown that mitochondria play a critical role in many aspects of life.
Keywords: Apoptosis, mitochondria, mtDNA, OXPHOS.
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Animal Mitochondria: Evolution, Function, and Disease
Volume: 14 Issue: 1
Author(s): M. Tao, C.-P. You, R.-R. Zhao, S.-J. Liu, Z.-H. Zhang, C. Zhang and Y. Liu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, mitochondria, mtDNA, OXPHOS.
Abstract: Mitochondria are sub-cellular organelles responsible for producing the majority of cellular energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have a unique genetic system, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is a small, self-replicating and diverse genome. In the past 30 years, mtDNA has made significant contribution to molecular ecology and phylogeography. Mitochondria also represent a unique system of mitochondrial–nuclear genomic cooperation. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction can be fatal. In this paper, we review several aspects of mitochondria, including evolution and the origin of mitochondria, energy supply and the central role of mitochondria in apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is shown that mitochondria play a critical role in many aspects of life.
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Cite this article as:
Tao M., You C.-P., Zhao R.-R., Liu S.-J., Zhang Z.-H., Zhang C. and Liu Y., Animal Mitochondria: Evolution, Function, and Disease, Current Molecular Medicine 2014; 14 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113136660081
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113136660081 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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