Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Emilia      Papakonstantinou; Vaia      Lambadiari; George      Dimitriadis; Antonis      Zampelas

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic conditions associated to abdominal obesity, such as elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Each of the associated conditions has an independent effect, but clustering together they become synergistic, making the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) greater. There is a big debate as to whether the MetS alone or its associated health conditions are more important for CVD incidence and mortality or whether prevention and/or treatment of the MetS will reduce CVD incidence and mortality. This article reviews the evidence that demonstrates that individuals with the MetS are at increased risk for CVD incidence and mortality and discusses these debated issues.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, lipids, blood pressure.