Abstract
Vertebrates have expanded their habitats from aquatic to terrestrial environments, which has accompanied the evolution of cardiovascular and osmoregulatory hormones. Specifically, mammals have developed mechanisms to maintain high blood pressure and blood volume, while extant fishes have developed hypotensive and Na-extruding mechanisms to adapt to the marine environment where they underwent a vast diversification. The CGRP family is one of the hormone systems that decrease blood pressure and blood volume. Within the CGRP family of teleost fishes, we found that adrenomedullins (AMs) have diversified and five paralogs (AM1-5) form an independent subfamily. Based on this discovery in fishes, we found AM2 and AM5 in mammals. In mammalian species that have AM2 and/or AM5, the peptides assume greater importance in the case of pathophysiological disturbances in pressure and fluid balance such as hypertension and cardiac and renal failure. In addition, novel functions of AM peptides have been suggested by the discovery of AM2 and AM5 in mammals. Current research on the CGRP family is focused on the identification of new receptors for AM2/AM5 and the establishment of AM2 knockout mice, which will enable new developments in the basic and clinical research on this intriguing hormone family. Importantly, comparative fish studies can contribute to new developments in our understanding of the function of the AM peptides.
Keywords: Adrenomedullin subfamily, molecular evolution, functional evolution, adrenomedullin 2, adrenomedullin 5, comparative genomics.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Exploring New CGRP Family Peptides and their Receptors in Vertebrates
Volume: 14 Issue: 4
Author(s): Yoshio Takei, Maho Ogoshi and Shigenori Nobata
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adrenomedullin subfamily, molecular evolution, functional evolution, adrenomedullin 2, adrenomedullin 5, comparative genomics.
Abstract: Vertebrates have expanded their habitats from aquatic to terrestrial environments, which has accompanied the evolution of cardiovascular and osmoregulatory hormones. Specifically, mammals have developed mechanisms to maintain high blood pressure and blood volume, while extant fishes have developed hypotensive and Na-extruding mechanisms to adapt to the marine environment where they underwent a vast diversification. The CGRP family is one of the hormone systems that decrease blood pressure and blood volume. Within the CGRP family of teleost fishes, we found that adrenomedullins (AMs) have diversified and five paralogs (AM1-5) form an independent subfamily. Based on this discovery in fishes, we found AM2 and AM5 in mammals. In mammalian species that have AM2 and/or AM5, the peptides assume greater importance in the case of pathophysiological disturbances in pressure and fluid balance such as hypertension and cardiac and renal failure. In addition, novel functions of AM peptides have been suggested by the discovery of AM2 and AM5 in mammals. Current research on the CGRP family is focused on the identification of new receptors for AM2/AM5 and the establishment of AM2 knockout mice, which will enable new developments in the basic and clinical research on this intriguing hormone family. Importantly, comparative fish studies can contribute to new developments in our understanding of the function of the AM peptides.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Takei Yoshio, Ogoshi Maho and Nobata Shigenori, Exploring New CGRP Family Peptides and their Receptors in Vertebrates, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2013; 14 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13892037113149990048
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13892037113149990048 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Non-viral Gene Delivery and Therapeutics Targeting to Brain
Current Nanoscience Lysine-derived Alkaloids: Overview and Update on Biosynthesis and Medicinal Applications with Emphasis on Quinolizidine Alkaloids
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Antiviral Drugs that Target Cellular Proteins May Play Major Roles in Combating HIV Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Turning Foes to Friends: Knocking Down Diabetes Associated SGLT2 Transporters and Sustaining Life
Current Diabetes Reviews Nutraceuticals and their Novel Drug Delivery System: A Boon to Human Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Food-derived Bioactive Peptides - Opportunities for Designing Future Foods
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Agents to Treat Life-Threatening Fungal Infections
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nebivolol: More Than a Highly Selective Beta Blocker
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Stroke and Hypertension: An Appraisal from Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Ascorbic Acid in Cardiovascular Performance During Acute Hemorrhage
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Neonatal Systemic Thrombosis: An Updated Overview
Current Vascular Pharmacology Using Structural and Mechanistic Information to Design Novel Inhibitors/Substrates of P-Glycoprotein
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Preclinical Evaluation of New Anthracyclines
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the Endocannabinod System to Limit Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Novel Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Current Cancer Drug Targets Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Differences Between Adult and Paediatric Patients
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effects of Newer Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists on Vascular Function in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Updates in the Identification of Human Dopa Decarboxylase Inhibitors
Current Drug Metabolism Intravenous Immunoglobulin as a Potential Therapy for Refractory Urticaria - A Review
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)