Abstract
The classic model of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is rooted in the overexpression of neurohormonal molecules. To complement this paradigm, increasing evidence indicates that a variety of hormones may be down-regulated in CHF patients. The list includes growth hormone (GH) and its tissue effector insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
The GH/IGF-1 axis regulates cardiac growth, stimulates myocardial contractility, and influences the vascular system. The relationship between the GH/IGF-1 axis and the cardiovascular system has been extensively demonstrated in numerous studies in animals models and confirmed by the cardiac derangements secondary to both GH excess and deficiency in humans.
Impaired activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in CHF has been described by several independent groups and includes a wide array of abnormalities, including low IGF-1 levels, GH deficiency (GHD), and GH resistance that may be related to the severity of heart disease. According to several observations, these derangements are associated with poor clinical status and outcome.
Since the first study of GH therapy in CHF in 1996, several placebo-controlled trials have been conducted with conflicting results. These discordant findings are likely explained by the degree of CHF-associated GH/IGF-1 impairment that may impact on individual responsiveness to GH administration.
Biological actions of GH and IGF-1, cardiovascular implication of GH deficiency and GH excess, relation between somatotrophic axis and CHF are discussed. Results from trials of GH therapy, emerging therapeutic strategies, safety issues, and lack in evidence are also reported.
Keywords: Growth Hormone, GH, Heart Failure, IGF-1, Insulin-like Growth Factor.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:The GH/IGF-1 Axis in Chronic Heart Failure
Volume: 13 Issue: 1
Author(s): Michele Arcopinto, Emanuele Bobbio, Eduardo Bossone, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Raffaele Napoli, Luigi Sacca and Antonio Cittadini
Affiliation:
Keywords: Growth Hormone, GH, Heart Failure, IGF-1, Insulin-like Growth Factor.
Abstract: The classic model of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is rooted in the overexpression of neurohormonal molecules. To complement this paradigm, increasing evidence indicates that a variety of hormones may be down-regulated in CHF patients. The list includes growth hormone (GH) and its tissue effector insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
The GH/IGF-1 axis regulates cardiac growth, stimulates myocardial contractility, and influences the vascular system. The relationship between the GH/IGF-1 axis and the cardiovascular system has been extensively demonstrated in numerous studies in animals models and confirmed by the cardiac derangements secondary to both GH excess and deficiency in humans.
Impaired activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis in CHF has been described by several independent groups and includes a wide array of abnormalities, including low IGF-1 levels, GH deficiency (GHD), and GH resistance that may be related to the severity of heart disease. According to several observations, these derangements are associated with poor clinical status and outcome.
Since the first study of GH therapy in CHF in 1996, several placebo-controlled trials have been conducted with conflicting results. These discordant findings are likely explained by the degree of CHF-associated GH/IGF-1 impairment that may impact on individual responsiveness to GH administration.
Biological actions of GH and IGF-1, cardiovascular implication of GH deficiency and GH excess, relation between somatotrophic axis and CHF are discussed. Results from trials of GH therapy, emerging therapeutic strategies, safety issues, and lack in evidence are also reported.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Arcopinto Michele, Bobbio Emanuele, Bossone Eduardo, Perrone-Filardi Pasquale, Napoli Raffaele, Sacca Luigi and Cittadini Antonio, The GH/IGF-1 Axis in Chronic Heart Failure, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 13 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530311313010010
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530311313010010 |
Print ISSN 1871-5303 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3873 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Therapies for Bone and Joint Diseases: Insights from Natural Products and Herbal Medicines
The aging global population is experiencing an increased risk of bone and joint health issues, notably osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, affecting over half of individuals over 60. Plant-based natural products and herbal medicines are gaining recognition as alternative therapies for these conditions, with secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, coumarins, and others, playing ...read more
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and natural product complementary applications: State of the arts
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of DM, alongside its associated complications, has prompted researchers and healthcare professionals to explore a variety of management strategies beyond conventional pharmacotherapy. Among these ...read more
Chronic inflammation and Disorders/Cancers
Chronic inflammation is fundamental cause of variety of disorders. Many lifestyle-related diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, impairment of immune responses, sepsis, mental illness, and other disorders are caused by chronic inflammation. Prevention of chronic inflammation is related to antiaging effects of our body. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α is associated ...read more
Immune defense of the blood-tissue barriers which are related to drugs, metabolic and hormones
We have already known that testis is an immune privilege area for the maintenance of spermatogenesis against to any pathogen from the interstitial area. With the BTB integrity there is a qualified selection for the mature sperm until the lumen migration which is sperm release progress. Spermiogenesis help for the ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Determining Effective Diabetic Care; A Multicentre - Longitudinal Interventional Study
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Central Blood Pressure Beyond Peripheral Blood Pressure. Part II: Evidence for Specific Class-Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Pressure Amplification
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Phenolic Compounds as Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Potential Role of their Antiinflammatory Effects
Current Vascular Pharmacology Possible Involvement of TRP Channels in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arrhythmia
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Effect of Androgenic and Antiandrogenic Acting Compounds in Macrophage Accumulation and Cell Replication in the Aorta of Oophorectomized Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Metabolomics Reveals Hyperlipidemic Biomarkers and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Poria cocos
Current Metabolomics Angiotensin Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotective Potential of Antioxidants and AT1 Receptor Blockers
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Effect of Exercise on Vascular Function and Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Current Diabetes Reviews Studies on Chloride Channels and their Modulators
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry PET Tracers for Mapping Adenosine Receptors as Probes for Diagnosis of CNS Disorders
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Vernakalant Story: How Did It Come to Approval in Europe and What is the Delay in the U.S.A?
Current Cardiology Reviews Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cell Therapy for Bone Repair
Current Molecular Pharmacology Cell Cycle Dependent Regulation of Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Potential Target for Drug Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Evaluation of Fourteen Aurone Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Effects of Hydrogen-rich Water on the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Current Molecular Medicine Double-Edged Sword of Novel Anti-Cancer Treatment: Proteasome Inhibition in the Growth Plate Causes Impairment of Longitudinal Bone Growth
Current Pediatric Reviews Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus: Relevance to Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sodium-Proton Exchanger Isoform-1: Synthesis of a Potent Inhibitor Labeled with Deuterium and Carbon-14
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Potential Use of Dendritic Cells for Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design