Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon, which has major effects on gene expression. Increased methylation generally inhibits transcription while hypomethylation is primarily associated with increased transcription. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently in cancer leading to silencing of these growth inhibitory genes. Demethylating agents are a class of anti-cancer drugs which reduce cytosine methylation, promoting transcriptional activation of genes by virtue of reducing methylation in their promoter regions. Most compounds that inhibit methylation are inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) that are responsible for methylating cytosine residues on DNA. Azacitidine and Decitabine are two such demethylating agents that are approved for use in myelodysplastic syndromes. In this review, we describe the pharmacology of demethylating agents and their use in recent clinical studies. The current literature describing the efficacy of combining these agents with other chemotherapeutics in various types of cancer is also reviewed.
Keywords: Cancer, Demethyating Agents, DNA Methylation, Epigenetics.
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Title:Demethylating Agents as Epigenetic Anticancer Therapeutics
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
Author(s): Arash Nabbi, Shankha Satpathy and Karl Riabowol
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, Demethyating Agents, DNA Methylation, Epigenetics.
Abstract: DNA methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon, which has major effects on gene expression. Increased methylation generally inhibits transcription while hypomethylation is primarily associated with increased transcription. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently in cancer leading to silencing of these growth inhibitory genes. Demethylating agents are a class of anti-cancer drugs which reduce cytosine methylation, promoting transcriptional activation of genes by virtue of reducing methylation in their promoter regions. Most compounds that inhibit methylation are inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) that are responsible for methylating cytosine residues on DNA. Azacitidine and Decitabine are two such demethylating agents that are approved for use in myelodysplastic syndromes. In this review, we describe the pharmacology of demethylating agents and their use in recent clinical studies. The current literature describing the efficacy of combining these agents with other chemotherapeutics in various types of cancer is also reviewed.
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Nabbi Arash, Satpathy Shankha and Riabowol Karl, Demethylating Agents as Epigenetic Anticancer Therapeutics, Current Cancer Therapy Reviews 2013; 9 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573394711309010003
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573394711309010003 |
Print ISSN 1573-3947 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6301 |
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