Abstract
The maximum therapeutic potentials of pharmacologically active molecules are generally not attained due to their non specific delivery. Ligands associated with drug or delivery system through which it is delivered provide navigation and direction to the carrier system(s) so as to reach and release bioactive(s) at the desired site of action in a optimum therapeutic concentration vis a vis minimizing the undesired side effects associated with non specific delivery. Many ligands employed and implicated in targeted drug delivery have been reportedly found to be mild to strong immunogenic. Hence, their potential utility is considered to be compromised in achieving concept of magic bullet. Therefore endogenous ligand (bio self molecules) based drug/DNA delivery may be a better alternative they being biocomponents so are non-immunogenic and biocompatible per se. Estrogens and their receptors are over expressed in the several pathophysiological conditions including cardiovascular, osteoarthritis and cancer of prostate and ovaries etc. The selective high density of such portal may be utilized for targeting such estrogen receptor rich sites. The several scientific communities from various fields of specialization of science have explored estrogen(s) and their analogs for the purpose of targeting of bioactive(s) either by preparing estrogen-drug conjugates of using estrogens as sitedirecting ligands attached with various carrier system(s). This review presents an exhaustive account of how hormones especially estrogens and their derivatives could be used for site-specific delivery of bioactive(s), as diagnostic agents and also the future prospects of these bioligands in controlled and targeted clinical pharmacology. Estrogen-drug conjugates and various carrier systems that utilized estrogens as ligands for site-specific delivery have been reviewed and are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Estrogen, targeting, conjugation, liposome, dendrimer
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Estrogen(s) and Analogs as a Non-Immunogenic Endogenous Ligand in Targeted Drug/DNA Delivery
Volume: 14 Issue: 19
Author(s): Shivani Rai, Rishi Paliwal, Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya, Prem N. Gupta, Sunil Mahor, Kapil Khatri, Amit K. Goyal, Amit Rawat and S.P. Vyas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Estrogen, targeting, conjugation, liposome, dendrimer
Abstract: The maximum therapeutic potentials of pharmacologically active molecules are generally not attained due to their non specific delivery. Ligands associated with drug or delivery system through which it is delivered provide navigation and direction to the carrier system(s) so as to reach and release bioactive(s) at the desired site of action in a optimum therapeutic concentration vis a vis minimizing the undesired side effects associated with non specific delivery. Many ligands employed and implicated in targeted drug delivery have been reportedly found to be mild to strong immunogenic. Hence, their potential utility is considered to be compromised in achieving concept of magic bullet. Therefore endogenous ligand (bio self molecules) based drug/DNA delivery may be a better alternative they being biocomponents so are non-immunogenic and biocompatible per se. Estrogens and their receptors are over expressed in the several pathophysiological conditions including cardiovascular, osteoarthritis and cancer of prostate and ovaries etc. The selective high density of such portal may be utilized for targeting such estrogen receptor rich sites. The several scientific communities from various fields of specialization of science have explored estrogen(s) and their analogs for the purpose of targeting of bioactive(s) either by preparing estrogen-drug conjugates of using estrogens as sitedirecting ligands attached with various carrier system(s). This review presents an exhaustive account of how hormones especially estrogens and their derivatives could be used for site-specific delivery of bioactive(s), as diagnostic agents and also the future prospects of these bioligands in controlled and targeted clinical pharmacology. Estrogen-drug conjugates and various carrier systems that utilized estrogens as ligands for site-specific delivery have been reviewed and are discussed in detail.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Shivani Rai , Rishi Paliwal , Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya , Prem N. Gupta , Sunil Mahor , Kapil Khatri , Amit K. Goyal , Amit Rawat and S.P. Vyas , Estrogen(s) and Analogs as a Non-Immunogenic Endogenous Ligand in Targeted Drug/DNA Delivery, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2007; 14 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707781368432
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707781368432 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Polyphenols Effect on Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins: From Biochemistry to Clinical Evidence
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease and Huntingtons Disease: Impact of Defects in Membrane Trafficking
Current Drug Targets Physiological and Pharmacological Insights into the Role of Ionic Channels in Cardiac Pacemaker Activity
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Metabolomic Strategy in Tuberculosis Therapy
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Insights into the Therapeutic uses of Plant Derive Phytocompounds on Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Targeted Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Tumors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mild Cognitive Impairment: At the Crossroad of Neurodegeneration and Vascular Dysfunction
Current Alzheimer Research Mechanisms of Altered Cell Immunity and Cytotoxicity in COPD
Current Drug Targets Clinical Use of Aspirin in Ischemic Heart Disease: Past, Present and Future
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial: [Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Implications for a Wide Range of Diseases]
Current Vascular Pharmacology Combination of a Sterol Absorption Inhibitor and Cardiovascular Agents for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Risk-Benefit Perspectives in COX-2 Blockade
Current Drug Safety Intrauterine Effects of Impaired Lipid Homeostasis in Pregnancy Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Soluble Forms of RAGE in Human Diseases: Clinical and Therapeutical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Use of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin as an Antianemic and Performance Enhancing Drug
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Comparison of 24-Hour Electrocardiogram Parameters in Patients with Graves’ Disease Before and After Anti-Thyroid Therapy
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: The Changing Face of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in the Light of Current Knowledge)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Estimation of Familial Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia Prevalence in a Large Rural Population: The Brisighella Heart Study
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Interacts with Serum Vitamin D to Influence Hypertension
Current Aging Science Protective Effect of Annurca Apple Extract Against Oxidative Damage in Human Erythrocytes
Current Nutrition & Food Science