Abstract
Biochemical biomarkers are important candidates for the diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases of autoimmune etiology, since they may reflect the presence, nature and intensity of certain immune responses caused by both genetic and environmental processes.
Different body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, urine, and tears have been used to identify useful biomarkers.
Autoimmune neurological diseases associated with pathology of cell surface structures such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, neuromyotonia, stiff person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are amenable to serum antibody tests which can be used to support the diagnosis. In several of these disorders, new specific autoantibodies have been detected that are directed against proteins complexed with potassium channels in both the central and peripheral nervous system such as contactin-2 associated protein (Caspr2) or the protein leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1). Recently, a number of central nervous system disorders like limbic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) have also been associated with the presence of specific serum autoantibodies.
In MS and GBS CSF analysis is still essential to support the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. We provide an overview over the widening field of autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and discuss the current state of biomarker research and its relevance for clinical practice.
Keywords: Biochemical markers, cerebrospinal fluid, myasthenia, neuromyotonia, stiff person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Biochemical Markers of Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Volume: 18 Issue: 29
Author(s): Hayrettin Tumani and Johannes Brettschneider
Affiliation:
Keywords: Biochemical markers, cerebrospinal fluid, myasthenia, neuromyotonia, stiff person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Abstract: Biochemical biomarkers are important candidates for the diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases of autoimmune etiology, since they may reflect the presence, nature and intensity of certain immune responses caused by both genetic and environmental processes.
Different body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, urine, and tears have been used to identify useful biomarkers.
Autoimmune neurological diseases associated with pathology of cell surface structures such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, neuromyotonia, stiff person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are amenable to serum antibody tests which can be used to support the diagnosis. In several of these disorders, new specific autoantibodies have been detected that are directed against proteins complexed with potassium channels in both the central and peripheral nervous system such as contactin-2 associated protein (Caspr2) or the protein leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1). Recently, a number of central nervous system disorders like limbic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) have also been associated with the presence of specific serum autoantibodies.
In MS and GBS CSF analysis is still essential to support the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. We provide an overview over the widening field of autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and discuss the current state of biomarker research and its relevance for clinical practice.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tumani Hayrettin and Brettschneider Johannes, Biochemical Markers of Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502143
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502143 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial: (Thematic Issue: Autoimmune diseases: What have we learned from mice?)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immune Aging and Autoimmune Diseases in Children
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Multivalent Compounds for Antigen-Specific B Cell Tolerance and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Monitoring Based on Gene Expression
Current Pharmaceutical Design KIR Molecules: Recent Patents of Interest for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Several Autoimmune Diseases, Chronic Inflammation, and B-cell Malignancies
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Involvement of Membrane Channels in Autoimmune Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Antibodies in HIV Treatment - Classical Approaches to Novel Advances
Current Pharmaceutical Design Emerging Indications for Statins: A Pluripotent Family of Agents with Several Potential Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design IL-27: Friend or Foe in the Autoimmune Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Conjugates of Cell Adhesion Peptides for Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Altered Cell Immunity and Cytotoxicity in COPD
Current Drug Targets Toll-Like Receptor Signaling: Emerging Opportunities in Human Diseases and Medicine
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Regulatory T Cells and Allergic Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Role of Tec Family Kinases in Inflammatory Processes
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Queries Addressed in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Can Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Give the Final Solution?
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Mediators of the Crosstalk between Vascular Repair and Immunity: Lessons from Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Clinical Trials of Cladribine in Hematological Malignancies and Autoimmune Disorders
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Recognition of Peptides by Antibodies and Investigations of Affinity Using Biosensor Technology
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening CRP and Anti-CRP Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Current Rheumatology Reviews Selective Chemokine Receptor-Targeted Depletion of Pathological Cells as A Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory, Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery