Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are complex neuro-developmental disorders whose neurobiology is proposed to be associated with oxidative stress which is induced by reactive oxygen species. The process of oxidative stress can be a target for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we aimed to review the role of oxidative stress, plasma glutathione (GSH), and related factors as the potential sources of damage to the brain as well as the possible related factors which reduce the oxidative stress. Methylation capacity, sulfates level, and the total glutathione level are decreased in autism. On the other hand, both oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione are increased in autism. In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as a part of the antioxidative stress system are decreased. The current literature suggests an imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress systems in autism. Glutathione is involved in neuro-protection against oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in autism by improving the anti-oxidative stress system. Decreasing the oxidative stress might be a potential treatment for autism.
Keywords: Autism, oxidative stress, glutathione, treatment, inflammation, methylation, sulfate, spectrum disorders, neurobiology, therapeutic interventions
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Glutathione-Related Factors and Oxidative Stress in Autism, A Review
Volume: 19 Issue: 23
Author(s): A. Ghanizadeh, S. Akhondzadeh, M. Hormozi, A. Makarem, M. Abotorabi-Zarchi and A. Firoozabadi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Autism, oxidative stress, glutathione, treatment, inflammation, methylation, sulfate, spectrum disorders, neurobiology, therapeutic interventions
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders are complex neuro-developmental disorders whose neurobiology is proposed to be associated with oxidative stress which is induced by reactive oxygen species. The process of oxidative stress can be a target for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we aimed to review the role of oxidative stress, plasma glutathione (GSH), and related factors as the potential sources of damage to the brain as well as the possible related factors which reduce the oxidative stress. Methylation capacity, sulfates level, and the total glutathione level are decreased in autism. On the other hand, both oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione are increased in autism. In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as a part of the antioxidative stress system are decreased. The current literature suggests an imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress systems in autism. Glutathione is involved in neuro-protection against oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in autism by improving the anti-oxidative stress system. Decreasing the oxidative stress might be a potential treatment for autism.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ghanizadeh A., Akhondzadeh S., Hormozi M., Makarem A., Abotorabi-Zarchi M. and Firoozabadi A., Glutathione-Related Factors and Oxidative Stress in Autism, A Review, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 19(23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712802002572
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712802002572 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |

- Author Guidelines
- Editorial Policies
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility Of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Reviewer Guidelines
- Guest Editor Guidelines
- Board Recruitment Workflow
- Short Guide for New Editors
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Announcements
- Forthcoming Thematic Issues
Related Articles
-
The Role of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Opportunities Offered by Chitosan-Based Nanotechnology in Mucosal/ Skin Drug Delivery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Dissecting the Mechanisms of Thrombogenesis and Atherosclerosis for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Neurovascular Research The Activated Endocannabinoid System in Atherosclerosis: Driving Force or Protective Mechanism?
Current Drug Targets Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: From Emerging Molecular Pathways to Targeted Therapeutic Approaches
Clinical Cancer Drugs Immunologic Modulations to Enhance Post-Stroke Recovery
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Potential of One Hundred Medicinal Plants
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic Approach in Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Delivery The Quest for Novel Biomarkers in Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy
Current Proteomics Separating Fact from Fiction: The Data Behind Allergies and Side Effects Caused by Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenem Antibiotics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Flavonoid Derivatives Targeting NF-kappaB
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Induction of Myocardial Fibrosis and Hypertrophy by Natriuretic Peptides
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Clinical Update: Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme with Radiolabeled Antibodies that Target Tumor Necrosis
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Nitrogen, Oxygen or Sulfur Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as Analgesic Drugs Used as Modulators of the Nitroxidative Stress
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Neoplastic Actions of Resveratrol
Current Nutrition & Food Science Effects of Snake Venom Polypeptides on Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of Neolignans of the Genus Piper L.: Isolation Methods and Biological Activities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cardiac Side Effects of Chemotherapy: State of Art and Strategies for a Correct Management
Current Vascular Pharmacology Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome with Atypical Presentation: A Pictorial Review on MR Imaging Features
Current Medical Imaging Implication for Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as Novel Potential Anti- Inflammatory Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents