Abstract
Cell therapy has been shown as a potential treatment for stroke and other neurological disorders. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) may be a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy. The most desired outcomes occur when stem cells cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and eventually reach the injured brain site. We propose, from our previous studies, that mannitol is capable of disrupting the BBB, allowing the transplanted cells to enter the brain from the periphery. However, when the BBB is compromised, the inflammatory response from circulation may also be able to penetrate the brain and thus may actually exacerbate the stroke rather than afford therapeutic effects. We discuss how an NF-kB decoy can inhibit the inflammatory responses in the stroke brain thereby reducing the negative effects associated with BBB disruption. In this review, we propose the combination of mannitol-induced BBB permeation and NF-kB decoy for enhancing the therapeutic benefits of cell therapy in stroke.
Keywords: Stem cells, transplantation, cerebral palsy, neurotrophic factor, blood brain barrier, mannitol, NF-kB, cell therapy, injured brain, stroke.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Permeating the Blood Brain Barrier and Abrogating the Inflammation in Stroke: Implications for Stroke Therapy
Volume: 18 Issue: 25
Author(s): Cesar V. Borlongan, Loren E. Glover, P. R. Sanberg and David C. Hess
Affiliation:
Keywords: Stem cells, transplantation, cerebral palsy, neurotrophic factor, blood brain barrier, mannitol, NF-kB, cell therapy, injured brain, stroke.
Abstract: Cell therapy has been shown as a potential treatment for stroke and other neurological disorders. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) may be a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy. The most desired outcomes occur when stem cells cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and eventually reach the injured brain site. We propose, from our previous studies, that mannitol is capable of disrupting the BBB, allowing the transplanted cells to enter the brain from the periphery. However, when the BBB is compromised, the inflammatory response from circulation may also be able to penetrate the brain and thus may actually exacerbate the stroke rather than afford therapeutic effects. We discuss how an NF-kB decoy can inhibit the inflammatory responses in the stroke brain thereby reducing the negative effects associated with BBB disruption. In this review, we propose the combination of mannitol-induced BBB permeation and NF-kB decoy for enhancing the therapeutic benefits of cell therapy in stroke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
V. Borlongan Cesar, E. Glover Loren, R. Sanberg P. and C. Hess David, Permeating the Blood Brain Barrier and Abrogating the Inflammation in Stroke: Implications for Stroke Therapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (25) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802002841
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802002841 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pharmacological Approaches to Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition by Flavoalkaloids
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Ion Channel Architecture of the Renal Microcirculation
Current Hypertension Reviews Antimicrobial Drug Interactions in the Critically Ill Patients
Current Clinical Pharmacology Neuroprotection by Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonists in Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neuropharmacology Immunosuppressive Therapies in Solid Organ Transplantation
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Evaluation of Selected Natural Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Monoamine Oxidase
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Uses of Melatonin: Evaluation of Human Trials
Current Medicinal Chemistry Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of a Standardized Polyherbal Preparation POL-6 in Rats
The Natural Products Journal Prevention and Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Therapies Based on CIPN Mechanisms
Current Neuropharmacology Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials
Current Diabetes Reviews An Efficient Organocatalyst for Environmentally benign Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Letters in Organic Chemistry A Review of the Cardiovascular and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Ghrelin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structural and Functional Characterization of a γ-Type Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor from Bothrops jararacussu Snake Plasma
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Norepinephrine in Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy During General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Operation: Determining Effective Infusion Rate to Enhance Postoperative Functions
Current Genomics Platelet Aggregation and Exogenous Factors From Animal Sources
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Peptidomics to understand the Brain and Disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease and Schizophrenia
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Use of Carvedilol in Pediatric Heart Failure
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Different Concepts of Drug Delivery in Disease Entities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Detection of Adverse Events in Randomized Clinical Trials: Can we Really Say New Medicines are Safe?
Current Drug Safety