Abstract
There is an increasing need for successfully managing the rapidly progressing posterior eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Therefore the challenges of drug delivery to the posterior eye are compounded by growing number of new therapeutic entities and the need for chronic therapy. Currently, the intravitreal route is widely used to deliver drugs, but frequent administration of drugs via this route can lead to retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and increased intraocular pressure. Controlled delivery systems, such as implants and nanoparticles have been developed to overcome these issues, but they are not devoid of adverse effects. Periocular route is a promising alternative owing to the large surface area and the relatively high permeability of the sclera. Yet, the blood retinal barriers and efflux transporters hamper the transport of therapeutic entities to the retina. As such the efficient delivery of drugs to the posterior eye remains a major challenge facing the pharmaceutical scientist. This review discusses the barriers to posterior eye drug delivery and current strategies used to overcome these barriers.
Keywords: Implants, Intravitreal route, Iontophoresis, Microneedles, Posterior eye drug delivery, Transscleral route, Drug Delivery Systems, transscleral routes, transdermal delivery
Drug Delivery Letters
Title: Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Challenges and Opportunities
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): T. R. Thrimawithana, S. Young, C. R. Bunt, C. R. Green and R. G. Alany
Affiliation:
Keywords: Implants, Intravitreal route, Iontophoresis, Microneedles, Posterior eye drug delivery, Transscleral route, Drug Delivery Systems, transscleral routes, transdermal delivery
Abstract: There is an increasing need for successfully managing the rapidly progressing posterior eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Therefore the challenges of drug delivery to the posterior eye are compounded by growing number of new therapeutic entities and the need for chronic therapy. Currently, the intravitreal route is widely used to deliver drugs, but frequent administration of drugs via this route can lead to retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and increased intraocular pressure. Controlled delivery systems, such as implants and nanoparticles have been developed to overcome these issues, but they are not devoid of adverse effects. Periocular route is a promising alternative owing to the large surface area and the relatively high permeability of the sclera. Yet, the blood retinal barriers and efflux transporters hamper the transport of therapeutic entities to the retina. As such the efficient delivery of drugs to the posterior eye remains a major challenge facing the pharmaceutical scientist. This review discusses the barriers to posterior eye drug delivery and current strategies used to overcome these barriers.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
R. Thrimawithana T., Young S., R. Bunt C., R. Green C. and G. Alany R., Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Challenges and Opportunities, Drug Delivery Letters 2011; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11101010040
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11101010040 |
Print ISSN 2210-3031 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2210-304X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Nanomaterial Assisted Targeted Therapies for Chronic Disorders- Preclinical to Clinical Outcomes
In recent years, the integration of nanomaterials into therapeutic strategies has emerged as a promising avenue in the pursuit of more effective treatments for chronic disorders. This dynamic field, explored in the context of "Nanomaterial Assisted Targeted Therapies for Chronic Disorders - Preclinical to Clinical Outcomes," seeks to bridge the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Nitric Oxide-Derived Oxidants with a Focus on Peroxynitrite: Molecular Targets,Cellular Responses and Therapeutic Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Intraocular Delivery of Anti-Infective Drugs-Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Parasitic
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Polyphenols and Neuroprotection against Ischemia and Neurodegeneration
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Target for the Design of Gene and Pharmaceutical Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Recent Advances in Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Brain Injury in Children
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Pathophysiology of the Vascular Wall and its Relevance for Cerebrovascular Disorders in Aged Rodents
Current Neurovascular Research From the Design to the Clinical Application of Thromboxane Modulators
Current Pharmaceutical Design Disintegrins
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders The Extracellular Matrix of Blood Vessels
Current Pharmaceutical Design Monitoring Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: The Role of Biomarkers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Endothelin-1 Signaling in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Ischemic Blood-Brain Barrier on Amyloid Plaques Development in Alzheimers Disease Brain
Current Neurovascular Research Purinergic Signalling and Endothelium
Current Vascular Pharmacology Controversies in Pharmacological Treatment of Inflammatory Component of Macular Edema
Current Pharmaceutical Design Involvement of Coagulation and Hemostasis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology Atheroprotective Properties of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) in Cardiometabolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pathological Retinal Angiogenesis
Current Nutrition & Food Science Diabetic Retinopathy and Atherosclerosis: is there a Link?
Current Diabetes Reviews Serpins for Diagnosis and Therapy in Cancer
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets