Immunoglobulin G-Reactive Antibodies from Sera of Healthy Individuals Enriched in IgG2 - Therapeutic Potential in HIV-1 Infection

Radmila   M.   Metlas; Tatjana   V.   Srdic; Mohammad-Ali      Jenabian; Sriramulu      Elluru; Laura      Carta; Timothy   J.   Bowker; Srini   V.   Kaveri; Daniela      Concas

Abstract

Objective: To characterize the functional properties of natural autoantibodies capable of preventing in vitro infection by HIV-1, present in normal human serum (NHS), and denoted as IgG-reactive antibodies. Methods: IgG-reactive antibodies were affinity purified both from normal human serum (NHS) and from a GammaBind G Sepharose Flowthrough (GBF) fraction of NHS by affinity chromatography on IgG coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose (IgG-Sepharose). Results: The GBF fraction was shown, by Capture ELISA relative to isotype-matched standards, to contain in addition to IgM and IgA isotypes, a low but constant level of IgG isotype. About 15% of the GBF fractions IgG, compared to only about 0.3% of the NHS IgG, was affinity purified on IgG-Sepharose. On IgG subclass analysis, in contrast to the characteristic dominance of IgG1 in pooled NHS, the IgG-reactive antibodies obtained from NHS and from the GBF fraction each showed a dominance of IgG2. Western blot analysis confirmed the abundance of IgG2, a major IgG subclass reactive against carbohydrate antigens, and showed the presence of IgG2 dimers. The IgG-reactive antibodies separated from the GBF fraction were able to neutralize HIV-1BaL strain with approaching 100% and 80% effectiveness at 2μg/ml and 0.6μg/ml, respectively, as well as the primary isolates HIV-1NDK (X4-tropic isolate) and HIV-1JR-CSF (R5-tropic isolate) with an IC50 between 0.4 μg/ml and 1.8 μg/ml for two different preparations. Conclusion: These findings further support our previous proposal for IgG-reactive antibody preparations to be used in the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals.

Keywords: IgG-reactive antibodies, HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, natural autoantibodies, GammaBind G Sepharose Flowthrough fraction

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