Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0053
ISSN (Online): 1875-5852

Distribution of Macrolide, Lincosamide, Streptogramin, Ketolide and Oxazolidinone (MLSKO) Resistance Genes in Gram-negative Bacteria

Author(s): Marilyn C. Roberts

Volume 4, Issue 3, 2004

Page: [207 - 215] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1568005043340678

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

A number of different mechanisms of macrolide resistance have been described in Gram-negative bacteria. These include 16 acquired genes (esterases, phosphorylases, rRNA methylases, and effluxes) and include those thought to be unique to Gram-negative bacteria (both esterases and two of the phosphorylases) and those shared with Gram-positive bacteria (one phosphorylase) and those primarily of Gram-positive origin (rRNA methylases and efflux genes). In addition, mutations, which modify the 23S rRNA, ribosomal proteins L4 and / or L22, and / or changes in expression of innate efflux systems which occur by missense, deletion and / or insertion events have been described in five Gramnegative groups, while an innate transferase conferring resistance to streptogramin A has been identified in a sixth genus. However, the amount of information on both acquisition and mutations leading to macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramins, ketolides and oxazolidinones (MLSKO) resistance is limited. As a consequence this review likely underestimates the true distribution of acquired genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria. As use of these drugs increases, it is likely that interaction between members of the MLSKO antibiotic family and Gram-negative bacteria will continue to change resistance to these antibiotics; by mutations of existing genes as well as by acquisition and perhaps mutations of acquired resistant genes in these organisms and more work needs to be done to get a clearer picture of what is in the Gram-negative population now, such that changes can be monitored.

Keywords: macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramins, ketolides and oxazolidinones, gram-negative, bacterial resistance, esterases


Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy