Abstract
Cigarette smoking which exposes the lung to high concentrations of reactive oxidant species (ROS) is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies indicate that the defense against oxidant stress is impaired in COPD and oxidant burden is increased in COPD even after smoking has ceased. ROS present in cigarette smoke interfere with protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum thereby eliciting a compensatory response termed the “unfolded protein response.” The importance of the UPR lies in its ability to alter expression of a large number of gene programs involved in basic cellular processes including anti-oxidant defense. This article will review the several signaling pathways which mediate the unfolded protein response and, in particular, the role of the PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) signaling pathway in protecting the lung against oxidant injury. Moreover, the impairment in oxidant defense present in the lung in COPD will be discussed.
Keywords: UPR, COPD, Smoke-Induced Oxidant Stress, Cigarette, reactive oxidant species, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA mutations, oxidant injury
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews
Title: Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidant Stress in the Lung, the Unfolded Protein Response, and COPD
Volume: 7 Issue: 5
Author(s): Steven G. Kelsen and Salim Merali
Affiliation:
Keywords: UPR, COPD, Smoke-Induced Oxidant Stress, Cigarette, reactive oxidant species, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA mutations, oxidant injury
Abstract: Cigarette smoking which exposes the lung to high concentrations of reactive oxidant species (ROS) is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies indicate that the defense against oxidant stress is impaired in COPD and oxidant burden is increased in COPD even after smoking has ceased. ROS present in cigarette smoke interfere with protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum thereby eliciting a compensatory response termed the “unfolded protein response.” The importance of the UPR lies in its ability to alter expression of a large number of gene programs involved in basic cellular processes including anti-oxidant defense. This article will review the several signaling pathways which mediate the unfolded protein response and, in particular, the role of the PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) signaling pathway in protecting the lung against oxidant injury. Moreover, the impairment in oxidant defense present in the lung in COPD will be discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
G. Kelsen Steven and Merali Salim, Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidant Stress in the Lung, the Unfolded Protein Response, and COPD, Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 2011; 7 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339811797189786
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339811797189786 |
Print ISSN 1573-398X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6387 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from childhood to adulthood: from the past to the future
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the three leading causes of death worldwide, with a major prevalence in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in a high social and economic cost. It is a heterogeneous respiratory disease, treatable and preventable, that causes persistent and often progressive airway obstruction in ...read more

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Targeting the Akt Kinase to Modulate Survival, Invasiveness and Drug Resistance of Cancer Cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Oncogenic Functions of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 3 in Human Carcinomas
Current Pharmaceutical Design TRAIL as Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Tool for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Epigenetics, Depression and Antidepressant Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Naturally Occurring Xanthones; Biological Activities, Chemical Profiles and <i>In Silico</i> Drug Discovery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Kappa Receptor Bivalent Ligands
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Approaches to Target Profiling of Natural Products
Current Medicinal Chemistry Review: The Role of Radiolabeled DOTA-Conjugated Peptides for Imaging and Treatment of Childhood Neuroblastoma
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Activation of Human Platelets by 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: Role of PKC in NO/cGMP Pathway Modulation
Current Neurovascular Research Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Bcl-2 Family Proteins as Therapeutic Agents in Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Polysialyltransferase Domain (PSTD) by Heparin
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Characterization of Pharmaceutical IgG and Biosimilars Using Miniaturized Platforms and LC-MS/MS
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cathepsin D as a Promising Target for the Discovery of Novel Anticancer Agents
Current Cancer Drug Targets Marine Metabolites Overcoming or Circumventing Multidrug Resistance Mediated by ATP-Dependent Transporters: A New Hope for Patient with Tumors Resistant to Conventional Chemotherapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Natural Sirtuin Modulators in Drug Discovery: A Review (2010 -2020)
Current Medicinal Chemistry Selegiline (l-Deprenyl) as a Unique Neuroprotective Agent for Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders- A Lesson from MAO Inhibition
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Effects of Proteoglycans on Oxidative/Nitrative Stress
Current Organic Chemistry Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Hystological Classification, Diagnosis, Traditional and New Therapeutic Approaches
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chemical and Bioactive Diversities of the Genus Chaetomium Secondary Metabolites
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Overcoming the Hurdles of Tumor Immunity by Targeting Regulatory Pathways in Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design