Abstract
Glutamine (GLN), which is the most abundant free amino acid of the human body, is an important cellular fuel and an essential precursor for the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). GLN plays a regulatory role in several cell specific processes, such as metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, and respiratory burst. Severe GLN deficiencies usually occur rapidly in critical illness. GLN has regulatory capacity in immune and cell modulation, and GLN reduces morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) is vital to cellular and tissue protection in stress or injury. GLN can function as a metabolic fuel and stress-signaling molecule in illness and injury via HSP. GLN has the ability to enhance HSP expression in injury, regulate the expression of some genes related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell defense and repair, and activate intracellular signaling pathways. The focus of this review is to describe how GLN participates in the regulation of illness and health and regulates the expression of HSP.
Keywords: Glutamine, heat shock proteins, illness, healthGlutamine, heat shock proteins, illness, health
Protein & Peptide Letters
Title: The Regulatory Effects of Glutamine on Illness and Health
Volume: 18 Issue: 7
Author(s): Dongwu Liu and Zhiwei Chen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glutamine, heat shock proteins, illness, healthGlutamine, heat shock proteins, illness, health
Abstract: Glutamine (GLN), which is the most abundant free amino acid of the human body, is an important cellular fuel and an essential precursor for the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). GLN plays a regulatory role in several cell specific processes, such as metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, and respiratory burst. Severe GLN deficiencies usually occur rapidly in critical illness. GLN has regulatory capacity in immune and cell modulation, and GLN reduces morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) is vital to cellular and tissue protection in stress or injury. GLN can function as a metabolic fuel and stress-signaling molecule in illness and injury via HSP. GLN has the ability to enhance HSP expression in injury, regulate the expression of some genes related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell defense and repair, and activate intracellular signaling pathways. The focus of this review is to describe how GLN participates in the regulation of illness and health and regulates the expression of HSP.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Liu Dongwu and Chen Zhiwei, The Regulatory Effects of Glutamine on Illness and Health, Protein & Peptide Letters 2011; 18 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986611795446102
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986611795446102 |
Print ISSN 0929-8665 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5305 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Abatacept and Glomerular Diseases: The Open Road for the Second Signal as a New Target is Settled Down
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery The Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Different Types of Diseases: A Review
Current Molecular Medicine Organ-Level Tissue Engineering Using Bioreactor Systems and Stem Cells: Implications for Transplant Surgery
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Exploration of the Medicinal Peptide Space
Protein & Peptide Letters AMPK as a New Attractive Therapeutic Target for Disease Prevention: The Role of Dietary Compounds AMPK and Disease Prevention
Current Drug Targets Present Situation of the Development of Cellular-Type Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier (Hemoglobin-Vesicles)
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF)*: A Review of its Pharmacological Effects, Therapeutic Efficacy and Benefits in the Management of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Current Vascular Pharmacology Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dietary Antioxidants
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents The Role of microRNA in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Current Drug Delivery Interrelated Roles for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in the Immune Response to Infection
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Targeting Nitrosative Stress for Neurovascular Protection: New Implications in Brain Diseases
Current Drug Targets Molecular Pathways Involved in Apoptotic Cell Death in the Injured Cochlea: Cues to Novel Therapeutic Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Based Therapeutics
Current Medicinal Chemistry Heme Oxygenase-1 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Protect Against Hemeinduced Toxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design IL-17 Axis Driven Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression
Current Drug Targets Carnosine and Kidney Diseases: What We Currently Know?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Modulation of the Immune System for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Current Neuropharmacology Research Progress of Mechanisms of Ceftriaxone Associated Nephrolithiasis
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Modulation of Staurosporine-Activated Volume-Sensitive Outwardly Rectifying Cl- Channel by PI3K/Akt in Cardiomyocytes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heme Oxygenase-1 against Vascular Insufficiency: Roles of Atherosclerotic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design