Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive hepatitis, characterized by interface hepatitis with lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates on liver biopsy, high serum globulin level and circulating autoantibodies. It is classified into two types, according to autoantibody profile: type 1 is characterized by anti-nuclear (ANA) and/or anti-smooth muscle (SMA) antibodies; type 2 by anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM-1) antibodies. AIH affects all ages, may be asymptomatic, frequently has an acute onset, and can present as fulminant hepatitis. The diagnosis of AIH is based on a scoring system codified by an international consensus. Corticosteroids alone or in conjunction with azathioprine is the treatment of choice in patients with AIH and results in remission induction in over 80% of patients. Alternative proposed strategies in patients who have failed to achieve remission on standard therapy or patients with drug toxicity include the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, budesonide or mycophenolate mofetil. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in managing decompensated disease, however AIH can recur or develop de novo after liver transplantation.
Keywords: Autoimmune hepatitis, autoantibodies, autoimmune liver disease, immunosuppressive treatment
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Diagnosis and Therapy of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Volume: 9 Issue: 7
Author(s): Alessandro Granito, Paolo Muratori, Silvia Ferri, Georgios Pappas, Chiara Quarneti, Marco Lenzi, Francesco B. Bianchi and Luigi Muratori
Affiliation:
Keywords: Autoimmune hepatitis, autoantibodies, autoimmune liver disease, immunosuppressive treatment
Abstract: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive hepatitis, characterized by interface hepatitis with lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates on liver biopsy, high serum globulin level and circulating autoantibodies. It is classified into two types, according to autoantibody profile: type 1 is characterized by anti-nuclear (ANA) and/or anti-smooth muscle (SMA) antibodies; type 2 by anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM-1) antibodies. AIH affects all ages, may be asymptomatic, frequently has an acute onset, and can present as fulminant hepatitis. The diagnosis of AIH is based on a scoring system codified by an international consensus. Corticosteroids alone or in conjunction with azathioprine is the treatment of choice in patients with AIH and results in remission induction in over 80% of patients. Alternative proposed strategies in patients who have failed to achieve remission on standard therapy or patients with drug toxicity include the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, budesonide or mycophenolate mofetil. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in managing decompensated disease, however AIH can recur or develop de novo after liver transplantation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Granito Alessandro, Muratori Paolo, Ferri Silvia, Pappas Georgios, Quarneti Chiara, Lenzi Marco, Bianchi B. Francesco and Muratori Luigi, Diagnosis and Therapy of Autoimmune Hepatitis, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 9 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709788452676
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709788452676 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Effects of Current and Future Anti-Obesity Drugs
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targets Involved in Cardioprotection by the Non-Anesthetic Noble Gas Helium
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Approach for Neuronal Disease by Regulating Reninangiotensin System
Current Hypertension Reviews Medico-Legal Evaluation of Fatal Perinatal Asphyxia
Current Pediatric Reviews The Role of Corticosteroids in Allergic Rhinitis Treatment
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry From Raynaud’s Phenomenon to Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis- The VEDOSS approach
Current Rheumatology Reviews Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition: Linking Chemical Properties to Clinical Safety
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Vasopressin Secretion Control
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets A Prevention of Pre-eclampsia with the Use of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Low-molecular Weight Heparin – Molecular Mechanisms
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Various Presentations of Preeclampsia at Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Current Hypertension Reviews Effects of Bisphosphonates and Calcium plus Vitamin-D Supplements on Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis§
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Use of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to Target Immunogenic Tumor Membrane Proteins in Patients with Recurrent Pancreatic and Colon Cancer
Current Drug Delivery Clinical Vignettes: Integrated Care of Cancer Patients by Oncologists and Cardiologists
Current Cardiology Reviews Correspondence Section
Current Drug Targets Fermented Foods: Patented Approaches and Formulations for Nutritional Supplementation and Health Promotion
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Potential Role for Dendritic Cells in Endothelial Dysfunction, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Statins as Antihypertensives
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery 7-Difluoromethyl-5, 4’-Dimethoxygenistein Reverses LPC-Induced Apoptosis of HUVE-12 Cells Through Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Interaction Between Burn Injury and Vitamin D Metabolism and Consequences for the Patient
Current Clinical Pharmacology Basic Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis: The Role of Calcium
Medicinal Chemistry