Abstract
Protein degradation in eukaryotic cells is important for regulation of metabolism, progression through the division cycle, in cell signalling pathways, and in mammals also for generation of antigen fragments for presentation on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Most cell proteins are degraded via the ubiquitin / proteasome pathway where an elaborate enzyme system recognises the protein substrates and marks them for destruction by attachment of a chain of ubiquitin. The substrates are then bound to 26S proteasomes, unfolded, and threaded into the cylindrical central part of the 26S proteasome, where they are cleaved to peptides. Recently many proteins, which associate with proteasomes, have been found. One of them controls the cellular contents of proteasomes by regulating their synthesis. Others ubiquitylate substrates or transfer substrates to proteasomes. Others again seem to unfold the substrates or release ubiquitin and glycans from them during degradation, stabilise proteasomes, regulate their cellular localisation, and modify their activity. It therefore appears that proteasomes are centres in macromolecular clusters, which degrade cell proteins in a tightly regulated manner.
Keywords: proteasomes, major histocompatibility complex, 26s proteasome
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein/protein and RNA/protein interactions are essential for molecular regulations
Protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions are fundamental to the intricate regulatory mechanisms that govern various cellular processes, playing a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance and coordination within the complex molecular landscape. Proteins, the workhorses of the cell, engage in a myriad of interactions, both with other proteins and with ...read more
Related Books
Practical Biochemistry
Anticancer Drugs Sourced from Marine Life
Opportunities for Biotechnology Research and Entrepreneurship
Diseases of Ornamental, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
Diabetes and Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Signaling Pathways
Fundamentals of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes
Genome Editing in Bacteria (Part 2)
Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oils
In Vitro Propagation and Secondary Metabolite Production from Medicinal Plants: Current Trends (Part 2)
4